Chapter 20: Reproductive System Flashcards
Fundus
where the fetus develops; part of the uterus
Chlamydia
Bacteria infection
Cause: organisms introduced into the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract
S/S: yellow or white discharge, burning during urination, swelling of the testes, painful intercourse, abd and low back pain
Treatment: antibiotics
Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females
syphilis
bacterial infection
s/s: chancres (open sores) on the penis and inside the vagina, rashes, headache, fever, weight loss, muscle aches
treatment: peniciillin or other antibiotics
can cause brain damage, mental illness, death. babies born to infected mothers may be born blind
gonorrhea
bacterial infection
s/s in men: white, yellow, green discharge; painful/swollen testes, burning during urination
s/s in women: cloudy discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods
s/s in general: rectal itching, soreness, bleeding, painful elimination of stool
treatment: antibiotics
can cause blindness, joint infection, sterility and PID
genital herpes
caused by a virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)
treatment: can’t be treated w/ antibiotics, can’t be cured
s/s: burning, red, painful sores on genitals
antiviral meds can help pts stay symptom-free for longer. babies can become infected during birth
genital HPV infection
caused by HPV
cause: genital contact
s/s: many ppl have none, abnormal pap test, genital warts - may cause cervical cancer
treatment: no cure, HPV vaccine
hydrocele
fluid accumulates in the membrane around the testes
s/s: swelling in the scrotum
cause: 10% of male infants are born w/ it, older” injury or inflammation
treatment: in rare cases surgery is required
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
disorder where the prostate becomes enlarged and causes pressure on the urethra
s/s: frequent urination, dribbling of urine, difficulty in starting the flow of urine, urinary retention
treatment: meds, surgery
common in men over 60
prostate cancer
s/s: difficulty urinating, pain during urination/BM, blood in urine
treatment: hormone therapy (slow cancer growth), surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation
risk increases w/ age, slow growing
testicular cancer
s/s pain in groin or scrotum
can occur in adolescents and young adults, aggressive and fast-growing
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
cause: bacteria, protozoa, fungus (yeast), hormonal changes after menopause
s/s: white vaginal discharge, itching, burning
treatment: oral meds, vaginal creams, suppositories
uterine fibroids
growths that occur in or on the uterus, almost always benign
risk-factors: family history, race (black ppl higher risk), hormones, diet, obesity
s/s: often cause none; heavy periods, painful periods, bleeding between periods, frequent urination, back pain, pain during sex, pregnancy complications, feeling of fullness in the pelvic area
treatment: meds for mild pain, iron supplements, birth control pills, progesterone injections, surgery
ultrasounds are done to check fibroid’s growth
endometriosis
condition that causes tissues that normally lines the inside of the uterus to grow on the outside of the uterus
s/s: abnormal periods, painful periods, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant
treatment: oral contraceptives, surgery to remove abnormal growths
can create scar tissue that attaches to structures surrounding the uterus
cervical cancer
slow-growing cancer of the uterine cervix
s/s: vaginal discharge, bleeding and pain during intercourse
higher risk for women with multiple sex partners
describe the trimesters of pregnancy
1st trimester: menstrual period stops, breasts may be tender, N/V, fatigue, mood changes
2nd trimester: weight gain, baby movement, fatigue and nausea improve
3rd trimester: weight gain continues, indigestion, heartburn, urinary frequency, fatigue returns, swelling
abortion
most take place during the 1st trimester
0-10 weeks a med or surgical abortion can be performed
dilation and curettage (D&C)
used after 10 weeks of pregnancy; dilates the cervix and surgically removed tissue from the uterus to abort a fetus
placenta previa
when the placenta implants too low
treatment: bed rest, potentially a c-section
hyperemesis gravidarum
excessive N/V during pregnancy
placental abruption
sudden complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
preeclampsia
sudden development of hypertension in pregnancy
s/s: blurred vision, headaches, seizures
miscarraige
death of an embryo or fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy
cephalic position
head is facing downwards
vertex position
fetus’s head is tucked so that it can move more easily through the delivery process
breech position
fetus remain upright
transverse position
most difficult position
side-lying
c-section required
when does delivery normally occur
37-42 weeks
apgar score
how well an infant managed the birth process and the change to life outside the womb
scores appearance, PR, reflexes, activity, respiration
lochia
vaginal discharge that lasts for several weeks after delivery
color changes from bright red to dull red to pink to yellowish white
sitx bath
postpartum bath to relieve pain and swelling of tissues around the vagina
post partum depression
s/s: tearfulness, fatigue, feelings of hopelessness, lack of energy, sleep and eating disorders, anxiety
how long do babies breast feed/eat formula for all nourishment
0-6 months
how much and how often do neonates eat
1-2 ounces every 2-3 hrs
