Final Review Flashcards
Superior
Towards the head upper or above
Inferior
Back, in back of
Anterior
Front, in front of
Posterior
Back, in back of
medial
Towards towards the midline of the body
lateral
Towards the side of the body; away from the midline
proximal
towards or nearest the trunk of the body
distal
away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin
Superficial
near the surface
Deep
away from the body surface
Supine
lying down face up
prone
lying face down
T/F
the heart is found anterior to the rib cage
False
T/F
The stomach is superior to the diaphram
false
T/F
the nose is located on the posterior surface of the body
False
T/F
the elbow lies distal to the forearm
false
T/F
the lungs lie lateral to the heart
true
T/F
the frontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections
false
T/F
the transverse plane divide the body into the right and left sides
false
T/F
the sagital plane divides your body into anterior and posterior sections
false
T/F
the ventral cavity lies posterior to the dorsal cavity
false
T/F
the dorsal cavity consist of the brain and the spinal cord
true
T/F
poplitteal is the front of the knee
false
T/F
Your axillary is your jaw bone
false
T/F
zygomatic means cheek
true
a lenghtwise plane running from fron to back that divides the body into equal right and left sides is called
midsagital
the thoracic portion of the ventral cavity is separated from teh abdominopelvic portion by a muscle called the
diaphram
The plane that divides the superior from the inferior is know as the ____ plane
transverse
The dorsal body cavity contains components of teh
nervous system
In the anatomical postition
The dorsal body cavity is posterior to the ventral cavity
the palms face towards the front of the body
the body is erect
Gluteal
Buttock
Femoral
thigh
Digital
toes and fingers
cubital
elbow
Axillary
armpit
Antebrachial
Forearm
Zygomatic
cheek
Orbital
eyeball
Tarsal
Ankle
Mammary
breast
Cephalic
head
Temporal
side of the skull
hyper
exessive, more than normal, too much
sub
below, under
dys
Bad, painful, abnormal
pro
before, forward
Trans
across, through
Retro
behind
Exo
outside
Aut
self
hypo
below, less than normal, under
Endo
before, forward
Re
back
dia
complete, thorough
Cyte
cell
ism
condition, process
globin
protein
itis
inflammation
algia
pain
gram
record, measurement
ectomy
cutting out, removal, excision
emia
blood condition
al
pertaining to
ic
pertaining to
oma
tumor mass
sis
state of
tomy
process of cutting into, incision
Transports air in and out of the body
respiratory system
secretes hormones and sentds them to the blood and body
endocrine
electrical messages to and from the brain 7 spinal cord
nervous system
reproductive system containing uterus, ovaries and cervix
female reproductive system
reproductive system containing testes , penis and prostate gland
male reproductive
produces urine and sends it out of the body
urinary system
breaks food down and sends nutrients to the blood stream
digestive
Transports O2, CO2 and proteins throughout the body
circulatory system
touch, smell, sight, and hearing are part of this sytem
skin and sense organs system
supports the body and allows for movement
musculoskeletal
A double membran surrounding the lungs
pleura
C1-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5 and the coccygeal are all parts of the
spinal column
The lumbar vertebrae are found at the ____ of the vertebral column
bottom
membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
peritoneum
dys
under
post
behind
re
behind
epi
above
ante
before
ultra
beyond
meta
beyond
intra
within
hyper
with
hypo
before
extra
outside
ec
outside
mal
bad
con
with
endo
within
“Protein factories” makes enzymes/proteins
ribosome
“highway” of the cell that transports and recieves synthesized
rough er
“highway” of teh cell that transports and recieves synthesized lipids and carbohydrates
Smooth er
“powerhouse” of the cell, AtP synthesis occurs here
Mitochondria
“post office” of teh cell, packages proteins
Golgi apparatus
“digestive system” of the cell gets rid of waste
lysosome
lie in a 90 degree angle ; help with cell division or reproduction
centrioles
Tail of sperm, aides in movement
flagella
phospholipid bilayer that allows movement into and out of the cell
plasma membrane
Dictates protein synthesis; plays role in active transport, metaboism, growth, and heredity
nucleus
ATP
energy required for active transport process is obtained from here
Adipose
fat tissue specialized to store lipids
Areolar
most common type of connective tissue, give form to organs
cilia
short hairlike structure that helps move things along teh cell
columnar
cells that are higher than they are wide
cuboidal
cube shaped cell
cytoplasm
gellike substance of the cell in which organelles are contained
DNA
genetic material of the cell; plays crucial role in protein synthesis
Interphase
DNA replicates itself during this time; also considered “resting”
mitosis
cell division
organelle
“little organs’ found in the cytoplasm of a cell with a specific job
RNA
copy of DNA that is used to help in cell division
Squamous
flat and scalelike cell
Transcription
unwinding of DNa molecule and forming mRNA
Translation
protein synthesis by ribosome
Diffusion
small particles move from high concentration to low concentration
Filtration
movement of water and small solutes across a permeable membrane
osmosis
diffusion of water across a permeable membrane
phagocytosis
“to eat” engulf at eat foreign material with the help of a lysosome
Diaphysis
shaft made of hard compact bone
Yellow bone marrow
inactive fatty form of marrow found in adult skeleton
ligaments
attach bone to bone
Periosteum
“skin of bone” fiberous membrane covering a long bone
Osetocyte
living bone cells
Chondrocytes
cartilage cells
Ossification
cartilage changing to bone
Canaliculi
tiny passages or canals found in bone
Red bone marrow
blood cell formation takes place here
epiphyses
ends of long bone; place where you find spongy bones
sutures
immovable joint; can be found on the skull
epiphyseal plate
place where the bones grow
articulations
joints
homopoiesis
to make blood, blood cell formation
How do true ribs attach to the sternum
by cartilage
How many true ribs does the axial skeleton have
14
the longest bone of the body is the
femur
The spinal cord enter the cranium through a large hole in the bone
occipital
Freely moveable joints are
diarthroses
Ligaments grow out of the
periosteum
The largest joint in your body is the
knee
When you rotate your head are using this type of joint
pivot
The medullary cavity is filled with this
yellow bone marrow
The bone grows from the
epiphysis
Prolonged inactivity causesmuscles to shrinkin mass, a condition called
disuse atrophy
Walking is an example of which type of contractions
isotonic
pushing against a wall is an example of which type of contraction
isometric
Endurance training is also known as
aerobic training
In most cases isotonic contraction of muscles produces movement at a/an
joint
fluid filled sacs
bursae
attaches muscles to bone
tendons
the middle portion of the muscle, excludes the ends of the muscle
body
neuromuscular junction
point of contatct between the nerve ending and muscle fiber
Extension
movement that makes an angle at a joint larger
Threshold stimulus
Minimum level of stimulation required for a fiber to contract
lactic acid
builds up from a lack of oxygen to muscles during excercise
fever
elevation in body temperature
tetanic contraction
sustained, steady response by a series of stimuli on a muscle
hypothermia
decrease in body temperature
sarcomere
a functional or contracile unit of skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
involuntary muscles found in your organs
prime mover
muscle responsible for producing a particular movement
tonic contraction
allows us to maintain body posture
T/F
if muscles cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the strength of the muscle contraction will decrease resulting in fatigue
true
T/F
an adequate stimulus will contract a muscle fiber completely because of the all or nothing rule
theory
T/F When oxygen supplies run low , muscle cells produce ATP and other waste products during contraction
false
T/FAll muscles bring about movements by pulling on bones across moveable joints
false
T/F The point of contat between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called the motor neuron
false
pinocytosis
“to drink” active transport system use to transfer fluids into cells
which of the following are not a type of passive transport
pinocytosis and ion pumps
which of the following are not an example of active transport
filtration
which of the following is not a type of of protein structure found on the plasma membrane
flagella
what type of cell uses phagocytosis
white blood cell
which of the following does not belong with DNA
uracil
Whic of the following does not belong with DNA
thymine
what phase is not a part of mitosis directly
interphase
which phase does the DNA replicate itself
interphase
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membran
protection
gateway for substances
identifies the cell
What are the DNA and RNA molecules made up of
sugar
base
phosphate group
AS FAR AS I GOT ON CHAPTER TWO
algia
condition of pain
hardening
scopy
disease condition
emia
