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Anatomy > Chapter 2 Cells And Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Cells And Tissues Flashcards

0
Q

3 things plasma membrane does for the cell

A

Protects the cell
Communication device ; gateway
Identification

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1
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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2
Q

The cytoplasm is found between which two things

A

Plasma and nucleus

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3
Q

Organelles are found in the _______ and mean “little ________”

A

Cytoplasm ; organ

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4
Q

The 8 organelles found in the cytoplasm

A 
Ribosomes 
Endoplasmic of reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes 
Centrioles 
cilia 
Flagella
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5
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Serves as the cell

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins ; a cell “protein factory “

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough ER receives and transports synthesized proteins

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8
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Chemically processes then Packages substances from the ER

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis a cells powerhouse

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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

A cells digestive system

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11
Q

Centrioles

A

Function in a cell production

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12
Q

Cilia

A

Move substances along surfaces of the cell

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13
Q

The nucleus contains our chemical makeup called

A

DNA

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14
Q

The nucleus dictates protein synthesis therefore playing an essential role in what four activites of the cell

A

Active transport
Metabolism
Growth
Heredity

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15
Q

What role do the nucleoli play

A

It programs the formation of the ribosomes in the nucleus

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16
Q

3 things the plasma membrane will allow to move on and out of the cell

A

Water
Food
Waste

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17
Q

The two type of transport processes

A

Active

Passive

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18
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenine tri phosphate

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19
Q

Where is ATP produces

A

The mitochondria

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20
Q

What does ATP use to obtain energy

A

Nutrients

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21
Q

Passive transport

A

No cellular energy is required to move substances from high concentration to low concentration

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22
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

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23
Q

Dialysis

A

Solutes dissolved particles I. Water move across a selectively permeable membrane by diffusion

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24
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of particles through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient

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25
Q

Active transport

A

The expenditure of energy by the cell and passive transport processes do not

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26
Q

Ion pump

A

Makes possible the number of active transport mechanism

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27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Ingestion and digestion of acids by a cell

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28
Q

Pinochtosis

A

The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells

29
Q

,mitosis is the process by which cells ______

A

Reproduce

30
Q

Two nucleic acids play important roles in protein synthesis

A

DNA

RNA

31
Q

_______ make heredity possible and are composed largely of DNA

A

Chromosomes

32
Q

The smaller unit a DNA and RNA molecules are made up of

A

Sugar
Bases
Phosphate units

33
Q

What are four basic nitrogen bases for DNA and RNA . Put this two pairs side by side

A

DNA: adenine. Thymine
Cytosine guanine

RNA: Adenine uracil
Cytosine guanine

34
Q

DNA is contained I the _______ of the cell

A

Nucleus

35
Q

Protein synthesis occurs in _________ and on the ____

A

Ribosomes; ER

36
Q

_______. Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

A

RNA

37
Q

Transcription

A

The process of transferri g genetic info for. The nucleus into the cytolasm where protiens a re actually produced requires completion of two specialized steps

38
Q

Translation

A

The synthesis of a protein by ribosomes, which use the info contained in mRNA molecule to direct choice and sequencing of the a
Appropriate building blocks called amino acids

39
Q

What is the cell doing I regards to cell division during interphase

A

Resting

40
Q

What is replicated during interphase

A

Chromosomes

41
Q

What happens to the DNA molecule as it begins replication?

A

Short segments of DNA molecule uncoil and the two strands of the molecule pull apart between their base pairs

42
Q

Four Stages in Mitosis

A 
Interphase (before)
Prophase
Metaphase 
Anaphase
Telophase
43
Q

Four main types of connective tissue

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

44
Q

What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

45
Q

simple

A

a single layer of cells of the same shape

46
Q

stratified

A

many layer of cells; named for the shpae of cells in the outer layer

47
Q

6 types of Epithelial Tissue

A 
Simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple columnar
stratified transitional
psudostratified (cilia on top part)
simple cuboidal
48
Q

Simple Squamous
(Shape structure)
(Main Function)
Found where

A

single layer of flattened cells

diffusion of respiratory gasses between alveolar air and blood

lungs

49
Q

stratified squamous
(shape/structure)
(Main function)
found where

A

many layers outer most layers are flattened cells

protection

surface of skin

50
Q

simple columnar
shape/structure
main function
found where

A

single layer of tall, narrow cells

protection, secretion, transport

lining of the stomach

51
Q

stratified transitional
shape/structure
main function
found where

A

many layer of varying shapes, capable of stretching

protection

urinary bladder

52
Q

pseudo stratified
shape/structure
main function
found where

A

single layer of tall cells that wedge together to appear as if these are two or more layers

protection

surface lining of trachea

53
Q

simple cuboidal
shape/structure
main function
found where

A

single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide

secretion, absorption

glands; kidney

54
Q

what are the most abundant and more varied forms than any other type

A

connective tissue

55
Q

what are two things that connective tissue does to internal organs

A

holds them together

gives them shape

56
Q

it exists as strong tough ____, rigid ________, and even _______

A

cords
bones
blood

57
Q

areolar

shape and structure
main function

A

loose arrangement of fibers and cells

connection

58
Q

Adipose
(shapes/structure)
(Main function)

A

Cells contain large fat compartments

stones, energy, body heat, cushions organs

59
Q

Dense Fiberous
Shape Structure
Main Function

A

Densely spaced, randomly arranged fibers

tendons

60
Q

Bone
Shape/Structure
Main Function

A

widely spaced cells

physically supports body provides movement and enclosed and protects soft organs

61
Q

Cartilage
shape structure
main funciton

A

hard matrix with flowing white clls

transport nutrients gasses and waste

62
Q

Hemopolectic
Shape/Structure
Main Function

A

Liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cells producing cells

blood cell formation

63
Q

What are the movement specialists of the body?

A

muscle tissue

64
Q

What are the three types of muscl tissue ?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

65
Q

skeletal
shape/structure
main function

A

single, long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations

movement of bones

66
Q

cardiac
shape/structure
main function

A

branching chains of cells ; unit or binucleate striations

contraction of heart

67
Q

smooth
Shape/structure
main function

A

single, fusiform, uninucleate , no striations

movement of substances along ducts

68
Q

What are the two functions of nervous tissue?

A

rapid communication, an control of the body

69
Q

axon

A

transmits a nerve impulse away from cell body

70
Q

dendrite

A

carry impulses toward cell body

71
Q

Where is the nervous tissue found

A

Brain and spinal cord

Anatomy (24 decks)

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