Chapter 2 Cells And Tissues Flashcards by Zoe Correal

3 things plasma membrane does for the cell

Protects the cell
Communication device ; gateway
Identification

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3 main parts of a cell

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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The cytoplasm is found between which two things

Plasma and nucleus

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Organelles are found in the _______ and mean “little ________”

Cytoplasm ; organ

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The 8 organelles found in the cytoplasm

Ribosomes 
Endoplasmic of reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes 
Centrioles 
cilia 
Flagella

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Plasma membrane

Serves as the cell

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Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins ; a cell “protein factory “

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Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER receives and transports synthesized proteins

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Golgi apparatus

Chemically processes then Packages substances from the ER

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Mitochondria

ATP synthesis a cells powerhouse

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Lysosomes

A cells digestive system

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Centrioles

Function in a cell production

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Cilia

Move substances along surfaces of the cell

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The nucleus contains our chemical makeup called

DNA

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The nucleus dictates protein synthesis therefore playing an essential role in what four activites of the cell

Active transport
Metabolism
Growth
Heredity

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What role do the nucleoli play

It programs the formation of the ribosomes in the nucleus

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3 things the plasma membrane will allow to move on and out of the cell

Water
Food
Waste

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The two type of transport processes

Active

Passive

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What is ATP

Adenine tri phosphate

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Where is ATP produces

The mitochondria

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What does ATP use to obtain energy

Nutrients

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Passive transport

No cellular energy is required to move substances from high concentration to low concentration

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Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

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Dialysis

Solutes dissolved particles I. Water move across a selectively permeable membrane by diffusion

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Diffusion

Movement of particles through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient

Active transport

The expenditure of energy by the cell and passive transport processes do not

Ion pump

Makes possible the number of active transport mechanism

Phagocytosis

Ingestion and digestion of acids by a cell

Pinochtosis

The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells

,mitosis is the process by which cells ______

Reproduce

Two nucleic acids play important roles in protein synthesis

DNA | RNA

_______ make heredity possible and are composed largely of DNA

Chromosomes

The smaller unit a DNA and RNA molecules are made up of

Sugar Bases Phosphate units

What are four basic nitrogen bases for DNA and RNA . Put this two pairs side by side

DNA: adenine. Thymine Cytosine guanine RNA: Adenine uracil Cytosine guanine

DNA is contained I the _______ of the cell

Nucleus

Protein synthesis occurs in _________ and on the ____

Ribosomes; ER

_______. Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

RNA

Transcription

The process of transferri g genetic info for. The nucleus into the cytolasm where protiens a re actually produced requires completion of two specialized steps

Translation

The synthesis of a protein by ribosomes, which use the info contained in mRNA molecule to direct choice and sequencing of the a Appropriate building blocks called amino acids

What is the cell doing I regards to cell division during interphase

Resting

What is replicated during interphase

Chromosomes

What happens to the DNA molecule as it begins replication?

Short segments of DNA molecule uncoil and the two strands of the molecule pull apart between their base pairs

Four Stages in Mitosis

``` Interphase (before) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```

Four main types of connective tissue

epithelial connective muscle nervous

What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional

simple

a single layer of cells of the same shape

stratified

many layer of cells; named for the shpae of cells in the outer layer

6 types of Epithelial Tissue

``` Simple squamous stratified squamous simple columnar stratified transitional psudostratified (cilia on top part) simple cuboidal ```

Simple Squamous (Shape structure) (Main Function) Found where

single layer of flattened cells diffusion of respiratory gasses between alveolar air and blood lungs

stratified squamous (shape/structure) (Main function) found where

many layers outer most layers are flattened cells protection surface of skin

simple columnar shape/structure main function found where

single layer of tall, narrow cells protection, secretion, transport lining of the stomach

stratified transitional shape/structure main function found where

many layer of varying shapes, capable of stretching protection urinary bladder

pseudo stratified shape/structure main function found where

single layer of tall cells that wedge together to appear as if these are two or more layers protection surface lining of trachea

simple cuboidal shape/structure main function found where

single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide secretion, absorption glands; kidney

what are the most abundant and more varied forms than any other type

connective tissue

what are two things that connective tissue does to internal organs

holds them together | gives them shape

it exists as strong tough ____, rigid ________, and even _______

cords bones blood

areolar shape and structure main function

loose arrangement of fibers and cells connection

Adipose (shapes/structure) (Main function)

Cells contain large fat compartments stones, energy, body heat, cushions organs

Dense Fiberous Shape Structure Main Function

Densely spaced, randomly arranged fibers tendons

Bone Shape/Structure Main Function

widely spaced cells physically supports body provides movement and enclosed and protects soft organs

Cartilage shape structure main funciton

hard matrix with flowing white clls transport nutrients gasses and waste

Hemopolectic Shape/Structure Main Function

Liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cells producing cells blood cell formation

What are the movement specialists of the body?

muscle tissue

What are the three types of muscl tissue ?

skeletal cardiac smooth

skeletal shape/structure main function

single, long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations movement of bones

cardiac shape/structure main function

branching chains of cells ; unit or binucleate striations contraction of heart

smooth Shape/structure main function

single, fusiform, uninucleate , no striations movement of substances along ducts

What are the two functions of nervous tissue?

rapid communication, an control of the body

axon

transmits a nerve impulse away from cell body

dendrite

carry impulses toward cell body

Where is the nervous tissue found

Brain and spinal cord