Chapter 2 Cells And Tissues Flashcards
3 things plasma membrane does for the cell
Protects the cell
Communication device ; gateway
Identification
3 main parts of a cell
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
The cytoplasm is found between which two things
Plasma and nucleus
Organelles are found in the _______ and mean “little ________”
Cytoplasm ; organ
The 8 organelles found in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes Endoplasmic of reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Centrioles cilia Flagella
Plasma membrane
Serves as the cell
Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins ; a cell “protein factory “
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER receives and transports synthesized proteins
Golgi apparatus
Chemically processes then Packages substances from the ER
Mitochondria
ATP synthesis a cells powerhouse
Lysosomes
A cells digestive system
Centrioles
Function in a cell production
Cilia
Move substances along surfaces of the cell
The nucleus contains our chemical makeup called
DNA
The nucleus dictates protein synthesis therefore playing an essential role in what four activites of the cell
Active transport
Metabolism
Growth
Heredity
What role do the nucleoli play
It programs the formation of the ribosomes in the nucleus
3 things the plasma membrane will allow to move on and out of the cell
Water
Food
Waste
The two type of transport processes
Active
Passive
What is ATP
Adenine tri phosphate
Where is ATP produces
The mitochondria
What does ATP use to obtain energy
Nutrients
Passive transport
No cellular energy is required to move substances from high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Dialysis
Solutes dissolved particles I. Water move across a selectively permeable membrane by diffusion
Diffusion
Movement of particles through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient
Active transport
The expenditure of energy by the cell and passive transport processes do not
Ion pump
Makes possible the number of active transport mechanism
Phagocytosis
Ingestion and digestion of acids by a cell
Pinochtosis
The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells
,mitosis is the process by which cells ______
Reproduce
Two nucleic acids play important roles in protein synthesis
DNA
RNA
_______ make heredity possible and are composed largely of DNA
Chromosomes
The smaller unit a DNA and RNA molecules are made up of
Sugar
Bases
Phosphate units
What are four basic nitrogen bases for DNA and RNA . Put this two pairs side by side
DNA: adenine. Thymine
Cytosine guanine
RNA: Adenine uracil
Cytosine guanine
DNA is contained I the _______ of the cell
Nucleus
Protein synthesis occurs in _________ and on the ____
Ribosomes; ER
_______. Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
RNA
Transcription
The process of transferri g genetic info for. The nucleus into the cytolasm where protiens a re actually produced requires completion of two specialized steps
Translation
The synthesis of a protein by ribosomes, which use the info contained in mRNA molecule to direct choice and sequencing of the a
Appropriate building blocks called amino acids
What is the cell doing I regards to cell division during interphase
Resting
What is replicated during interphase
Chromosomes
What happens to the DNA molecule as it begins replication?
Short segments of DNA molecule uncoil and the two strands of the molecule pull apart between their base pairs
Four Stages in Mitosis
Interphase (before) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Four main types of connective tissue
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional
simple
a single layer of cells of the same shape
stratified
many layer of cells; named for the shpae of cells in the outer layer
6 types of Epithelial Tissue
Simple squamous stratified squamous simple columnar stratified transitional psudostratified (cilia on top part) simple cuboidal
Simple Squamous
(Shape structure)
(Main Function)
Found where
single layer of flattened cells
diffusion of respiratory gasses between alveolar air and blood
lungs
stratified squamous
(shape/structure)
(Main function)
found where
many layers outer most layers are flattened cells
protection
surface of skin
simple columnar
shape/structure
main function
found where
single layer of tall, narrow cells
protection, secretion, transport
lining of the stomach
stratified transitional
shape/structure
main function
found where
many layer of varying shapes, capable of stretching
protection
urinary bladder
pseudo stratified
shape/structure
main function
found where
single layer of tall cells that wedge together to appear as if these are two or more layers
protection
surface lining of trachea
simple cuboidal
shape/structure
main function
found where
single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide
secretion, absorption
glands; kidney
what are the most abundant and more varied forms than any other type
connective tissue
what are two things that connective tissue does to internal organs
holds them together
gives them shape
it exists as strong tough ____, rigid ________, and even _______
cords
bones
blood
areolar
shape and structure
main function
loose arrangement of fibers and cells
connection
Adipose
(shapes/structure)
(Main function)
Cells contain large fat compartments
stones, energy, body heat, cushions organs
Dense Fiberous
Shape Structure
Main Function
Densely spaced, randomly arranged fibers
tendons
Bone
Shape/Structure
Main Function
widely spaced cells
physically supports body provides movement and enclosed and protects soft organs
Cartilage
shape structure
main funciton
hard matrix with flowing white clls
transport nutrients gasses and waste
Hemopolectic
Shape/Structure
Main Function
Liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cells producing cells
blood cell formation
What are the movement specialists of the body?
muscle tissue
What are the three types of muscl tissue ?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
shape/structure
main function
single, long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations
movement of bones
cardiac
shape/structure
main function
branching chains of cells ; unit or binucleate striations
contraction of heart
smooth
Shape/structure
main function
single, fusiform, uninucleate , no striations
movement of substances along ducts
What are the two functions of nervous tissue?
rapid communication, an control of the body
axon
transmits a nerve impulse away from cell body
dendrite
carry impulses toward cell body
Where is the nervous tissue found
Brain and spinal cord
