CHapter 13 test Flashcards
Respiration
exchange of gasses among lining things and their environment
internal respiration
exchange of gasses between blood and body cells
diaphram
main muscle involved in breathing
external respiration
exchange of gases between air in lungs and blood
expiration
to exhale
pulmonary ventilation
breathing
inspiration
to inhale
The exchange of both 02 & C02 from blood to body tissue occurs by
diffussion
spirometer
measures the amount of air exchanged in breathing
vital capacity
maximum expiration
tidal capacity
normal inspiration/expiration
expiratory reserve volum
amount of air that can forcibly exhaled after inspiring tidal volume
inspiriatory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inspiration
What do chemo receptors control?
levels of CO2, 02 and acid in the body
what do stretch receptors control?
elasticity of the lungs
How do the chemo receptors control it?
receptors near the cartaroid artery send signals to the brain when C02 is too high or 02 is too low
How do the stretch receptors control it?
when we inspire TV, signals are sent to the inspiratory center to tell our breathing muscles to relax
Respiratory arrest
failure to resume breathing after a long period of apnea
Apnea
complete stoppage of breathing for a brief period
Hypoventilation
labored or difficulty breathing
Hyperventilation
rapid & deep respiration
Eupnea
normal respiratory rate
Dyspnea
slow & shallow respiration
What four things does the respiratory system do to the air we breathe?
gas exchange
warms
filters the air
humidifies
What is the respiratory mucosa and what does it do?
lines your tubes, produces mucous
What is the difference between the Respiratory Mucosa and Respiratory Membrane?
Mucosa onlyu lines your tubes, membrane lines the whole system. And membrane separates capillaries and aveoli
How much mucus is produced daily?
125mL
What are the three major parts of the Upper Respiratory Tract?
nose
pharynx
larynx
Air enters the respiratory tract through the
nostrils
what does the nasal septum separate?
the two nasal cavities
What are the four paranasal sinuses
frontal
sphenoidal
maxillary sinus
ethmoid
What are these four sinuses line with?
mucous
What does the lacrimal sac drain into the nasal cavity?
tears
WHy is breathing through the nose better for humidifying the air than breathing through the mouth?
The cilia helps trap the dust and bacteria . Conchae is in the nose and helps humidify the air
another name for the pharynx
throat
In order, superiorly to inferiorly, what are three portions of the pharynx
nasal pharynx
oro pharynx
larngo pharynx
if both food and air pass through the pharynx where do they separate to go to their destination?
air:
food:
larynx/trachea
stomach/ esophagus
Another name for larynx
voice box
Consists of __________ the largest part being called the ______
cartilage
adam’s apple
Explain how vocal cords can change the pitch of your voice
the muscles that attached to your larynx tighten they have a higher pitch
What purpose does the epiglottis serve
so food doesn’t go down your windpipe
What are the three major parts of the lower repiratory tract
trachea
all of the bronchial tree
lungs
another name for the trachea is
windpipe
what is trachea made up of?
cartilage
What does this prevent the trachea from doing?
collapsing
what is the trachea lined with
mucous
The Primary Bronchi (right & left bronchus) leads into the
right and left lung
The Secondary Bronchi are found in the _______ & branch out getting _______
lungs
smaller
like the trachea & primary bronchi these tubes are lined with
mucous
Bronchioles are smaller tubes of the bronchi are made up of
smooth
At the end of the bronchioles we find
alveolar duct —–> alveolar sac ——-> alvolar
What is the surface of each alveoli lined with?
surfactant
What purpose does surfactant serve?
reduces tension of alveoli
How many loves does the right lung have?
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
WHat do the Pleura cover?
the surface of the lungs
what does the pleura they line?
inner surface of the rib cage?
What is the purpose of the pleura?
to keep the membranes from rubbing together
Influenza
known as the flue
pneumonia
fluid builds up in your lungs
tuberculosis
disease affecting the lungs
asthma
air passages become narrow
bronchitis
inflammation and swelling of bronchioles
emphysema
alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract
