Chapter 6 the muscular system

Question 0

disuse atrophy

Answer 0

when the muscles are in prolonged inactivity and they shrink in mass

Question 1

tetanic contraction

Answer 1

is a more sustained and steady response than a twitch; produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

Question 2

hypertrophy

Answer 2

when muscles are in prolonged exercise and an increase in muscle size

Question 3

strength training

Answer 3

contracting muscles against heavy resistance

Question 4

aerobic training

Answer 4

increases a muscle’s ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of the movement

Question 6

extension

Answer 6

make the angle between two bones at their joint larger than it was at their beginning of the movement

Question 7

abduction

Answer 7

moving a part away from the midline of the body

Question 8

adduction

Answer 8

moving a part toward the midline

Question 9

rotation

Answer 9

movement around a longitude axis

Question 10

supination

Answer 10

palm turned to the anterior position

Question 11

pronation

Answer 11

palm faces posteriously

Question 12

dorisflexion

Answer 12

dorsum/top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward

Question 13

plantar flexion

Answer 13

bottom of the foot is directed downward /standing on your toes

Question 14

skeletal muscle

Answer 14

attaches to bone

Question 15

cardiac muscle

Answer 15

composes the bulk of the heart; involutary

Question 16

smooth muscle

Answer 16

involuntary muscles of the organs

Question 17

origin

Answer 17

muscles’ attachment to the more movable bone

Question 18

insertion

Answer 18

muscle’s attachment to the movable bones

Question 19

bursae

Answer 19

small flid sacs that lie between some tendons and the bones beneath them

Question 20

synovial membrane

Answer 20

secretes synovial fluid that bursae

Question 21

tendon sheaths

Answer 21

enclose some tendons; facilitate body movements

Question 22

muscle fibers

Answer 22

muscle tissue that consists of specialized contractile cells

Question 23

myosin

Answer 23

contractile protein found in the thick filaments of skeletal muscle

Question 24

sarcomere

Answer 24

the building block in the skeletal muscle

Question 25

sliding filament model

Answer 25

explanation of how a skeletal muscle contract

Question 26

prime mover

Answer 26

main one that’s responsible for producing particular movement

Question 27

synergists

Answer 27

other muscles that help in producing movement

Question 28

antagonists

Answer 28

produce movement that is the prime movers and the synergistic

Question 29

tonic contraction

Answer 29

hold muscles in position

Question 30

posture

Answer 30

positions that favor the best position

Question 31

hypothermia

Answer 31

any decrease in body temperature that isn’t normal

Question 32

fatigue

Answer 32

when muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest and the strength of muscle contraction decrease resulting in fatigue

Question 33

oxygen debt

Answer 33

continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from excercise

Question 34

paralysis

Answer 34

loss of motion especially voluntary motion

Question 35

motor neuron

Answer 35

transmits nerve impulses form the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandula epithelial tissues

Question 36

motor whit

Answer 36

a single unit neuron with the muscle cells in innervate

Question 37

threshold stimulus

Answer 37

the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract