Chapter 6 the muscular system Flashcards

0
Q

disuse atrophy

A

when the muscles are in prolonged inactivity and they shrink in mass

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1
Q

tetanic contraction

A

is a more sustained and steady response than a twitch; produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

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2
Q

hypertrophy

A

when muscles are in prolonged exercise and an increase in muscle size

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3
Q

strength training

A

contracting muscles against heavy resistance

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4
Q

aerobic training

A

increases a muscle’s ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period

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5
Q

flexion

A

movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of the movement

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6
Q

extension

A

make the angle between two bones at their joint larger than it was at their beginning of the movement

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7
Q

abduction

A

moving a part away from the midline of the body

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8
Q

adduction

A

moving a part toward the midline

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9
Q

rotation

A

movement around a longitude axis

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10
Q

supination

A

palm turned to the anterior position

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11
Q

pronation

A

palm faces posteriously

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12
Q

dorisflexion

A

dorsum/top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward

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13
Q

plantar flexion

A

bottom of the foot is directed downward /standing on your toes

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14
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attaches to bone

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15
Q

cardiac muscle

A

composes the bulk of the heart; involutary

16
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscles of the organs

17
Q

origin

A

muscles’ attachment to the more movable bone

18
Q

insertion

A

muscle’s attachment to the movable bones

19
Q

bursae

A

small flid sacs that lie between some tendons and the bones beneath them

20
Q

synovial membrane

A

secretes synovial fluid that bursae

21
Q

tendon sheaths

A

enclose some tendons; facilitate body movements

22
Q

muscle fibers

A

muscle tissue that consists of specialized contractile cells

23
Q

myosin

A

contractile protein found in the thick filaments of skeletal muscle

24
sarcomere
the building block in the skeletal muscle
25
sliding filament model
explanation of how a skeletal muscle contract
26
prime mover
main one that's responsible for producing particular movement
27
synergists
other muscles that help in producing movement
28
antagonists
produce movement that is the prime movers and the synergistic
29
tonic contraction
hold muscles in position
30
posture
positions that favor the best position
31
hypothermia
any decrease in body temperature that isn't normal
32
fatigue
when muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest and the strength of muscle contraction decrease resulting in fatigue
33
oxygen debt
continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from excercise
34
paralysis
loss of motion especially voluntary motion
35
motor neuron
transmits nerve impulses form the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandula epithelial tissues
36
motor whit
a single unit neuron with the muscle cells in innervate
37
threshold stimulus
the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract