Chapter 14 Vocabulary

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

food being broken down

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

passage of a substance through a membrane such as skin or mucosa, into blood

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

complex process by which food is used by a living organism

Question 4

Lumen

Answer 4

the hollow space within a tube

Question 5

mucosa

Answer 5

inner most layer of the digestive tract

Question 6

submucosa

Answer 6

connective tissue layer below the mucosa containing blood vessels and nerves in the wall of the digestive tract

Question 7

muscularis

Answer 7

two layers of muscle surrounding the digestive tube

Question 8

peristalsis

Answer 8

wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move food material along the digestive tract

Question 9

serosa

Answer 9

outermost covering of the digestive tract; covers the digestive tube

Question 10

mesentery

Answer 10

a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 11

Uvula

Answer 11

cone- shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that help prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities

Question 12

papillae

Answer 12

the small nipple-shaped elevations

Question 13

vallate

Answer 13

the largest type of pappilae

Question 14

mastication

Answer 14

chewing of food

Question 15

cuspids

Answer 15

canine teeth

Question 16

tricuspids

Answer 16

molars

Question 17

bolus

Answer 17

chewed food that is turned into a small mass

Question 18

crown

Answer 18

the part of the teeth you can see

Question 19

periodontal membrane

Answer 19

a fibrous membrane that lines each tooth

Question 20

parotoid glands

Answer 20

the largest of the salivary glands, lie just below and in front of each ear at the angle of the jaw

Question 21

salivary amylase

Answer 21

digestive enzymes

Question 22

hiatial hernia

Answer 22

reflux of the stomach contents into the lower portion of the esophagus

Question 23

chyme

Answer 23

stomach fluid

Question 24

peristalsis

Answer 24

propels food down the digestive tract

Question 25

Rugae

Answer 25

when the stomach is empty, its lining lies in the folds

Question 26

fundus, body and pylorus

Answer 26

the three divisions of the stomach

Question 27

pyloric sphincter

Answer 27

partial digestion occurs after food is held in the stomach

Question 28

lesser curvature

Answer 28

the upper border of the stomach

Question 29

greater curvature

Answer 29

lower left border of the stomach

Question 30

duodenum, jejenum, ileum

Answer 30

different sections of the small intestine

Question 31

plicae

Answer 31

the folds of the small intestine

Question 32

villi

Answer 32

tiny ‘fingers’ of the small intestine

Question 33

bile

Answer 33

substance secreted by the liver

Question 34

emulsify

Answer 34

in digestion when bile breaks up fats

Question 35

CCK

Answer 35

hormone that stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder

Question 36

jaundice

Answer 36

a yellow skin discoloration

Question 37

mechanical digestion

Answer 37

chewing with your teeth and toung

Question 38

chemical digestion

Answer 38

chemical reactions using saliva ezymes and stomach acid