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Psych > Final- psych chapters 15 & 16 > Flashcards

Final- psych chapters 15 & 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

abnormal behavior

A

rarebehavior that makes person or people around person uncomfortable, doesn’t alligh with social norms and impatcs daily life

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2
Q

mental disorder

A

dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions causing distress or impairment

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3
Q

medical model

A

explains biological effects to understand what you have (replaced demon model)

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4
Q

Szaz, Medical Doctor said…

A

mental illness is not a disease because it is not contagious

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5
Q

etiology

A

the cause

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6
Q

cormorbility

A

one individual has multiple mental illnesses

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7
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

suggests biological, psychological, and social factors affect human wellness and health

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8
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

predispositions for mental illness that won’t active unless you trigger it

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9
Q

anxiety disorder

A

anxiety is a dominant factor in one’s life

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10
Q

phobic disorders

A

persistent avoidance of specific things
(phobias, ex: fear of spiders, aracnophobia)

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11
Q

specific phobia

A

so afriad the individual cannot function (can be caused by animals, natural environments, situations, blood or injury)

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12
Q

social phobia

A

fear of humiliation or embarrassment, NOT a fear of social settings

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13
Q

malingering

A

exaggerating or faking an injury to gain external benefits (attention, special treatment, etc.)

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14
Q

preparedness theory

A

humans are biologically prepared to fear objects and situations that threaten our survival

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15
Q

panic disorder

A

psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

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16
Q

agoraphobia

A

won’t leave house because they think something bad will happen if they go outside

ex: author in Nim’s island

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17
Q

GAD (generalized anxiety disorder)

A

exaggerated and irrational worry

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18
Q

OCD (obsessive impulsive disorder)

A

repetitive obsessions and compulsions interefere w a persons life

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19
Q

Mood Disorder

A

disruptions with mood

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20
Q

moods come from…

A

nowhere, you just are happy or sad

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21
Q

emotions come from…

A

an origin that you are aware of, like a person, an event or an object

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22
Q

examples of mood disorders

A

depression and bipolar

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23
Q

depression is also known as…

A

unipolar, because you are stuck in one mood: sadness

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder (unipolar depression)

A

severe depressed mood/inability to experience pleasure

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25
Q

how long does depressive symptoms have to persist to be diagnosed?

A

2 weeks or more, must have at least 5 depressive symptoms persist

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26
Q

biological factors of depression:

A

heritability (35-40%), nature/nurture

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27
Q

psychological factors of depression:

A

learned helplessness affect, helplessness theory, developmental psych of kids developing schemas,

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28
Q

helplessness theory

A

attributes negative experience to internal (dispositional, all YOUR fault), stable, and global factors

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29
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

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30
Q

transitioning from a manic state to a depressive state can cause what?

A

an increased risk for suicide

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31
Q

what are the 2 disorders that NEED medication to be treated?

A

schizophrenia and bipolar

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32
Q

psychopath

A

doesn’t feel emotion, guilt, empathy, disregaurd of social customs

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33
Q

psychotic

A

someone who loses grasp with reality/detatched from the world other people live in (delusional/hallucanations)

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34
Q

positive symptoms

A

thoughts and behaviors not seen in those without the disorder, do things people don’t normally do, they ADD to reality

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35
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder w disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, ALTERED OR BLUNTED EMOTIONNNN

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36
Q

hallucination

A

false seen experiences w compelling sense that they are real even though there is no external stimulation

(brain fires on its own)

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37
Q

delusions

A

clearly grandiose false behavior maintained in spite of their irrationality (ex: someone believing they are the reincarnate of jesus christ)

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38
Q

phenomenology

A

you go along with what the patient believes in, pretend they are real, don’t ridicule them and ask what the hallucinations are doing

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39
Q

disorganized speech

A

severe disruption of verbal communication
(ideas change quickly w no sense)

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40
Q

grossly disorganized behavior

A

inappropriate behavior for situation or ineffective at attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances (ex: public masturbation, tantrum in social setting, strange movement)

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41
Q

catatonic behavior

A

decrease in all movement, or increase in muscular rigidity, results from medication

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42
Q

negative symptoms

A

takes away from reality, doesn’t do what normal people do (ex: lack of hygine, can’t pay attention, social withdrawl)

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43
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

too much dopamine

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44
Q

schizophrenia biomedical factors

A

lower amounts of dopamine lessen symptoms

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45
Q

neuroanatomy

A

larger ventricles (hollow areas of brain that have fluid), less brain functioning

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46
Q

psychological factors of schizophrenia

A

nature and nurture, diathesis stress model

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47
Q

antisocial personality disorder is more common in…

A

men

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48
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

hard to manage emotions about self anf others

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49
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood and continues through adulthood

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50
Q

symptoms of antisocial personality disorder

A

illegal behavior, deception, recklessness, impulsive, lack of remorse, irresponsibility

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51
Q

borderline personality disorder symptoms

A

Chronic fear/avoidance of real/imagined abandonment (a
fantasy world).
– Unstable interpersonal relationships.
– Unstable self-interest/sense of self.
– Impulsive (sex, substances).
– Suicidal behavior, threats, gestures
– Instable mood (irritable, anxious, etc.).
– Chronic feeling of emptiness (a hole in your soul).
– Inappropriate/intense anger or difficulty controlling it.
– Transient, stress-related paranoia.

(think claire example)

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52
Q

mental illness in middle ages/ 17th century

A

thought of psychological disorders as witchcraft/demonic possession- solved it through exercising the demon, which involved inhumane torture methods.

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53
Q

mentall illness in 18th century europe

A

asylums were created and people were mistreated/abused

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54
Q

mental illness in 20th century

A

psychopharmacology made it so people were able to live independently, Assertive community treatments constitute a new approach toward managing the mental health system

55
Q

psychiatric nurse

A

needs a Registered Nurse Degree

56
Q

what can a psychiatric nurse do?

A

diagnosis, individual therapy, and group/family therapy

57
Q

Psychiatrists

A

needs a Medical Degree

58
Q

what can a psychiatrist do?

A

prescribe medicine, administration/interpretation of psychological tests (with some restriction in certain states), diagnosis, individual therapy, and group/family therapy

59
Q

Social worker

A

needs Masters degree

60
Q

What can a social worker do?

A

diagnosis, individual therapy, and group/family therapy

61
Q

family physician

A

needs Doctor of Medicine degree

62
Q

what can a family physician do?

A

diagnose, check ups, health risk assessments, prescribe medication

63
Q

Inpatient treatment

A

services performed while an individual is hospitalized, restrictive form of treatment and should be reserved for when the patient’s well being is at risk

64
Q

Residential treatment

A

intense and structured treatment but occurs in a home-like setting.

65
Q

Partial hospitalization

A

individual still resides in their own home but spends up to seven days a week in treatment at a mental health center or hospital (breaks OCD compulsions)

66
Q

Outpatient treatment

A

people who are medically stable and able to function, mental health treatment that occurs in different settings (clinics, offices, counseling centers, etc.)

67
Q

Mental health parity law

A

makes insurance companies make the coverageof mental health equivalent to coverage for other medical problems

68
Q

largest payer for mental health treatment

A

medicaid

69
Q

Preventative care

A

taking measures to prevent people from developing mental health problems in the first place by addressing the conditions thought to cause or contribute to them (poverty, racism, abusive households)

70
Q

Some therapists won’t see people with medicaid because…

A

medicaid reimbursement rates are really low

71
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

psychotherapy that utilizes Freudian concepts w an emphasis on the silence of the unconscious

(ego protects person from feeling discomfort of the unconscious and the repressed memories aren’t consciously accessible)

72
Q

Free association

A

psychoanalysis asks patients to relax and tell them every idea/image that pops into their mind, this requires the analyst to refrain from judging or self-editing the content of their thoughts. This will often make patterns emerge. The analyst’s job is to see if the random associations point to particular underlying conflicts or anxieties in the client’s unconscious mind

73
Q

Dream analysis

A

interpreting the symbolism in a person’s dream is often a key component of psychoanalysis

74
Q

humanistic approach

A

an approach of therapy that is centered around psychological problems through optimism

75
Q

Active listening

A

listening without judgment

76
Q

Person centered therapy

A

client guides the sessions, therapist is there to mirror/shadow what you are saying (reflective listening) to make the client feel understood

(form of humanistic approach)

77
Q

what does an wnviornment need to fully allow a client to grow?

A

genuineness, unconditional positive regaurd, accurate empathy

78
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

therapist accepts and supports everything the client says regardless of what it is

79
Q

Accurate empathy

A

therapist accurately infers thoughts and feelings of patient

80
Q

what is the core idea of cognitive therapy?

A

you can alter your mood with your thoughts and your thoughts can impact your behavior

81
Q

Automatic thinking

A

thoughts that automatically come to the mind which are negative/biased and can lead you to feel depressed

82
Q

flooding

A

therapy technique that involves exposing a person to something that causes them maximum anxiety (like for phobias)

83
Q

Overgeneralization

A

person makes broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single event

84
Q

All or nothing thinking

A

a person sees things in “black or white”/absolute, with no room for middle ground (success or fail)

85
Q

fear hierarchy

A

list of person’s fears from least to most feared

86
Q

Mental filters

A

only seeing the bad stuff and “filtering” out the good aspects

87
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

when therapists teach patients to identify automatic thoughts, evaluate/test the accuracy of the thought, replace negative automatic thoughts with more realistic thoughts

88
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

medication that regulates mood and lessens symptoms of depression. They effect serotonin and norepiephrine, affect arousal and mood. OCD and PTSD would be treated with this

89
Q

Anti-anxiety drugs

A

medication for anxiety disorders, reduces phsiological symptoms. Most effective w generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. It enhances the effect of GABA, which calms the person down

89
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

medications used to treat disorders w psychotic symptoms: hallunications, paranoia, deulsion. Can’t treat schizophrenia. Side effects: sluggishness, tremors, weight gain, motor disturbance in muscles

90
Q

Mood-stabilizing drugs

A

medication used for bipolar disorder to manage mood changes. Increases size of hippocampus and amygdala

91
Q

Tricyclic drugs

A

an antidepressant that blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which elevates their mood.

92
Q

side effects of tricyclic drugs

A

dry mouth, fatiuge, blurred vision

93
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

increases amounts of norepinephrine in the brain by inhibiting enzymes that break down norepinephrine.

94
Q

side effects of MAO inhibitors

A

lethal food and drug combinations (severe)

95
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

treats anxiety disorder and panic disorder by enhancing GABA, which makes you calm

96
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

antidepressants that block reuptake of serotonin and has fewer side effects, but there is correlation between SSRI and increased suicide rates

97
Q

side effects of benzodiazepines

A

drowsiness, decline in motor coordination, consumption of alcohol, withdrawal symptoms

98
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabilizing medication, benefits 7/10 bipolar patients in long term. Hippocampus and amygdala increase bc of its neuroprotective effect.

98
Q

barbiturates

A

first anti-anxiety drugs, highly addictive. Enhances GABA which calms the nervous system

98
Q

What family of drugs do tricyclics fall under?

A

Cyclic antidepressants

99
Q

side effects of lithium

A

kidney and thyriod dysfunction

100
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

100v electric currents are sent through the brain, triggering a brief seizure in an attempt to reduce psychiatric symptoms such as depression

100
Q

side effects of electroconvulsive tehrapy

A

memory loss but not long term memory

101
Q

Lobotomy

A

a psychosurgery procedure where the frontal lobe is disconnected from the rest of the brain (ice pick into eye)

102
Q

issues of couples therapy

A

people use it too late bc they use it as a last case scenario

103
Q

self help support groups

A

support group w no professional.
Strength: free, learn from others experience
Weakness: only have each other to learn from and not a professional standpoint

104
Q

family therapy

A

group tehrapy that focuses ont he unique interactions in the family unit
strengths: grows family closer
Weakness: everyone needs to be there

105
Q

couples therapy

A

therapy for a romantic relationship
strengths: can help relationship if both want to go and are willing to improve
weakness: used as a last resort

106
Q

which ethnic/racial group is least likely to support mental health treatment in the US?

A

minority populations, namely African Americans

107
Q

____ amount of $ is spent on helping depression in ONE year

A

30-50 billion $$$$

108
Q

what percentage of people w a mental health diagnosis seek out treatment?

A

18%

109
Q

Drawback of medication (besides side effects)

A

can only treat symptoms, NOT the problem

110
Q

cognitive behavior therapy

A

focuses on the interrelated nature of our thoughts, feelings and behaviors and break bad thought patterns

111
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

aims to help clients bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness (dreams, free association)

112
Q

cognitive therapy

A

theory based on people’s psychological problems can be traced o their own illogical or dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts

113
Q

Behavior therapy

A

attempts to change behaviors associated with psychological distress using the principles of learning

114
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

study of how drugs affect the mind and behavior and how it is used to treat psychological disorders

115
Q

analysis resistance

A

if your in therapy process and you bring up something your client doesn’t want to talk about it can be very informative

116
Q

transference

A

client treats therapist how they treat everyone else in their life

117
Q

congruence

A

looking engaged while you engage with your client

118
Q

what was carl rogers’ goal for therapy?

A

to become more empathetic

119
Q

training

A

the expertise you are trained in, your focus that you treat. The experience that comes from a degree and not the degree itself.

120
Q

Premature discontinuation

A

when clients drop out of therapy before condition is treated

121
Q

impact of premature discontinuation

A

the chain of negative influence/interaction that follows an untreated/helped client and a therapist with no paycheck

122
Q

who is most likely to prematurely discontinue therapy?

A

inexperienced therapists, University settings,
Eating disorders and personality disorders, poorer people and minorities

123
Q

one in ________ clients will drop out of therapy

A

5

124
Q

labeling theory

A

you put a label on someone, everything they do enforces that label

125
Q

what percent of people develop a specific phobia in their lifetime?

A

12%

126
Q

symptoms of GAD

A

restless, irritable, can’t concentrate, fatigue, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, “I have no control over my life”

127
Q

what chemical reduces GAD?

A

GABA

128
Q

symptoms of depression

A

sadness/depressed mood
Loss of enjoyment of previous pleasures
Weight loss/gain
Too much/little sleep
Restlessness
Fatigue
hopelessness/worthlessness
Inability to concentrate/make decisions
Recurring thoughts of suicide

129
Q

What discourages people from seeking treatment?

A

Pride, laziness, culture, stigma, belief, $, you don’t know when it is going to end, you don’t know if you’re mentally ill

Psych (12 decks)

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