Chapter 5- Learning

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

change of behavior

Question 2

habituation

Answer 2

a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure

ex:) don’t want wild animals to get habituated to humans because humans can be dangerous

Question 3

Sensitization

Answer 3

process of becoming very sensitive/having an intense response to specific events or situations

ex:) I drove my car into someone’s garage door, and ever since then I’ve been really careful about parking into other peoples’ driveway

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 4

Russian physician who discovered classical conditioning

Question 5

Classical conditioning

Answer 5

conditioning reflexes which conditions involuntary behavior

ex:) salivating with the dogs/ Dwight

Question 6

John Watson and Little Albert

Answer 6

used classical conditioning to train a baby boy albert to fear a mouse

Question 6

Unconditional Stimulus

Answer 6

the stimulus that creates a natural response

ex:) salivating, breathing, smelling, tasting, stuff you don’t learn you just do

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

reaction to unconditioned stimulus

ex:) stimulus- smells food
response- gets hungry

Question 7

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 7

the stimulus that causes no response

Question 8

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

the conditioned stimulus causes a conditioned response

Question 9

Conditioned Response

Answer 9

reaction to the conditioned stimulus

Question 10

You were bit by a dog and now fear dogs. What is the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR?

Answer 10

UCS- bit by a dog
UCR- fear
NS- dog
CS- dog
CR- fear

Question 11

You feed your rat chips and the rat begins to react in a hungry frenzy when it hears the bag. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?

Answer 11

UCS- chips
UCR- craziness
NS- bag sound
CS- bag sound
CR- craziness

Question 12

Jim trains Dwight to salivate when hearing the reboot sound on his computer. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?

Answer 12

UCS- mint alone
UCR- salivation
NS- ding
CS- ding w mint
CR- salivation

Question 13

Biological preparedness

Answer 13

biologically hardwired to develop fears of things that are unpredictable to keep us alive (mice, snakes, spiders, dogs, they have the potential to harm us)

Question 14

Taste aversion

Answer 14

the food you eat is paired with a taste aversion and you can’t eat it anymore

ex:) cour don bleu chicken pillows

Question 15

Extinction

Answer 15

Weakening of a conditioned response which results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing

Question 16

Systematic desensitization

Answer 16

gradual exposure used to overcome phobias

ex:) For the pink lady, don’t start with a pink mattress, maybe a pink sheet of paper or a pink shirt and interact with it and build up to other things until she can be around a pink mattress and not be scared

Question 17

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

random occurrence of a conditioned statement with an unconditioned stimulus that causes a phobia to be reawakened

Question 18

Generalization

Answer 18

power of similarity to the condition stimulus can cause you to fear other things that are similar to the root of your phobia

ex:) Albert being scared of rats and mice in addition to ferrets

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

people can be scared of certain specific things related to the fear

ex:) prof doesn’t like spiders, but isn’t too bugged with daddy long legs and cat faced spiders

Question 20

shaping

Answer 20

as soon as something is doing something you want it to do, you reinforce it. When something does something you don’t want it to do, you punish it (must be immediate so a connection can be made mentally)

Question 21

What does the hot and cold game demonstrate?

Answer 21

To demonstrate how reinforcements are more effective than punishments (TEST QUESTION)

Question 22

B.F. Skinner

Answer 22

behaviorist, didn’t believe in free will, didn’t diminish thoughts

Question 23

Determinism

Answer 23

the philosophical thing that says “free will is an illusion”, we are reacting to our environment we are not choosing what we do, agency is a myth

Question 24

Opernant Conditioning

Answer 24

conditioning voluntary behavior

Question 25

Positive reinforcement

Answer 25

something you like is added to the situation to increase a behavior

Question 26

Negative reinforcements

Answer 26

something is taken away that you don’t like that causes and increase in behavior

Question 27

Positive punishment

Answer 27

something is added to the situation to decrease the behavior

Question 28

Negative punishment

Answer 28

something is taken away that you like to decrease the behavior

Question 29

primary reinforcers

Answer 29

things that satisfy biological needs

Question 30

secondary reinforcers

Answer 30

things that are not a biological need

ex:) money isn’t something we need, but it can be used to buy food and water and a house

Question 31

extinction

Answer 31

when reinforcers are no longer present

Question 32

spontaneous recovery

Answer 32

the reemergence of a conditioned response after a delay

Question 33

interval

Answer 33

passage of time (weaker than ratio)

Question 34

fixed interval

Answer 34

consistent passage of time

Question 35

variable interval

Answer 35

random passage of time

Question 36

ratio

Answer 36

a number of times a behavior is performed

Question 37

fixed ratio

Answer 37

a consistent amount of behaviors repeated

Question 38

variable ratio

Answer 38

a random amount of behaviors repeated