Chapter 5- Learning Flashcards
learning
change of behavior
habituation
a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure
ex:) don’t want wild animals to get habituated to humans because humans can be dangerous
Sensitization
process of becoming very sensitive/having an intense response to specific events or situations
ex:) I drove my car into someone’s garage door, and ever since then I’ve been really careful about parking into other peoples’ driveway
Ivan Pavlov
Russian physician who discovered classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
conditioning reflexes which conditions involuntary behavior
ex:) salivating with the dogs/ Dwight
John Watson and Little Albert
used classical conditioning to train a baby boy albert to fear a mouse
Unconditional Stimulus
the stimulus that creates a natural response
ex:) salivating, breathing, smelling, tasting, stuff you don’t learn you just do
Unconditioned response
reaction to unconditioned stimulus
ex:) stimulus- smells food
response- gets hungry
Neutral Stimulus
the stimulus that causes no response
Conditioned stimulus
the conditioned stimulus causes a conditioned response
Conditioned Response
reaction to the conditioned stimulus
You were bit by a dog and now fear dogs. What is the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR?
UCS- bit by a dog
UCR- fear
NS- dog
CS- dog
CR- fear
You feed your rat chips and the rat begins to react in a hungry frenzy when it hears the bag. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?
UCS- chips
UCR- craziness
NS- bag sound
CS- bag sound
CR- craziness
Jim trains Dwight to salivate when hearing the reboot sound on his computer. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?
UCS- mint alone
UCR- salivation
NS- ding
CS- ding w mint
CR- salivation
Biological preparedness
biologically hardwired to develop fears of things that are unpredictable to keep us alive (mice, snakes, spiders, dogs, they have the potential to harm us)
Taste aversion
the food you eat is paired with a taste aversion and you can’t eat it anymore
ex:) cour don bleu chicken pillows
Extinction
Weakening of a conditioned response which results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing
Systematic desensitization
gradual exposure used to overcome phobias
ex:) For the pink lady, don’t start with a pink mattress, maybe a pink sheet of paper or a pink shirt and interact with it and build up to other things until she can be around a pink mattress and not be scared
Spontaneous recovery
random occurrence of a conditioned statement with an unconditioned stimulus that causes a phobia to be reawakened
Generalization
power of similarity to the condition stimulus can cause you to fear other things that are similar to the root of your phobia
ex:) Albert being scared of rats and mice in addition to ferrets
Discrimination
people can be scared of certain specific things related to the fear
ex:) prof doesn’t like spiders, but isn’t too bugged with daddy long legs and cat faced spiders
shaping
as soon as something is doing something you want it to do, you reinforce it. When something does something you don’t want it to do, you punish it (must be immediate so a connection can be made mentally)
What does the hot and cold game demonstrate?
To demonstrate how reinforcements are more effective than punishments (TEST QUESTION)
B.F. Skinner
behaviorist, didn’t believe in free will, didn’t diminish thoughts
Determinism
the philosophical thing that says “free will is an illusion”, we are reacting to our environment we are not choosing what we do, agency is a myth
Opernant Conditioning
conditioning voluntary behavior
Positive reinforcement
something you like is added to the situation to increase a behavior
Negative reinforcements
something is taken away that you don’t like that causes and increase in behavior
Positive punishment
something is added to the situation to decrease the behavior
Negative punishment
something is taken away that you like to decrease the behavior
primary reinforcers
things that satisfy biological needs
secondary reinforcers
things that are not a biological need
ex:) money isn’t something we need, but it can be used to buy food and water and a house
extinction
when reinforcers are no longer present
spontaneous recovery
the reemergence of a conditioned response after a delay
interval
passage of time (weaker than ratio)
fixed interval
consistent passage of time
variable interval
random passage of time
ratio
a number of times a behavior is performed
fixed ratio
a consistent amount of behaviors repeated
variable ratio
a random amount of behaviors repeated
