Chapter 5- Learning Flashcards

1
Q

learning

A

change of behavior

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2
Q

habituation

A

a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure

ex:) don’t want wild animals to get habituated to humans because humans can be dangerous

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3
Q

Sensitization

A

process of becoming very sensitive/having an intense response to specific events or situations

ex:) I drove my car into someone’s garage door, and ever since then I’ve been really careful about parking into other peoples’ driveway

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4
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Russian physician who discovered classical conditioning

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5
Q

Classical conditioning

A

conditioning reflexes which conditions involuntary behavior

ex:) salivating with the dogs/ Dwight

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6
Q

John Watson and Little Albert

A

used classical conditioning to train a baby boy albert to fear a mouse

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6
Q

Unconditional Stimulus

A

the stimulus that creates a natural response

ex:) salivating, breathing, smelling, tasting, stuff you don’t learn you just do

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7
Q

Unconditioned response

A

reaction to unconditioned stimulus

ex:) stimulus- smells food
response- gets hungry

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7
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A

the stimulus that causes no response

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8
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

the conditioned stimulus causes a conditioned response

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9
Q

Conditioned Response

A

reaction to the conditioned stimulus

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10
Q

You were bit by a dog and now fear dogs. What is the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR?

A

UCS- bit by a dog
UCR- fear
NS- dog
CS- dog
CR- fear

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11
Q

You feed your rat chips and the rat begins to react in a hungry frenzy when it hears the bag. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?

A

UCS- chips
UCR- craziness
NS- bag sound
CS- bag sound
CR- craziness

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12
Q

Jim trains Dwight to salivate when hearing the reboot sound on his computer. What are the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR?

A

UCS- mint alone
UCR- salivation
NS- ding
CS- ding w mint
CR- salivation

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13
Q

Biological preparedness

A

biologically hardwired to develop fears of things that are unpredictable to keep us alive (mice, snakes, spiders, dogs, they have the potential to harm us)

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14
Q

Taste aversion

A

the food you eat is paired with a taste aversion and you can’t eat it anymore

ex:) cour don bleu chicken pillows

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15
Q

Extinction

A

Weakening of a conditioned response which results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing

16
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

gradual exposure used to overcome phobias

ex:) For the pink lady, don’t start with a pink mattress, maybe a pink sheet of paper or a pink shirt and interact with it and build up to other things until she can be around a pink mattress and not be scared

17
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

random occurrence of a conditioned statement with an unconditioned stimulus that causes a phobia to be reawakened

18
Q

Generalization

A

power of similarity to the condition stimulus can cause you to fear other things that are similar to the root of your phobia

ex:) Albert being scared of rats and mice in addition to ferrets

19
Q

Discrimination

A

people can be scared of certain specific things related to the fear

ex:) prof doesn’t like spiders, but isn’t too bugged with daddy long legs and cat faced spiders

20
Q

shaping

A

as soon as something is doing something you want it to do, you reinforce it. When something does something you don’t want it to do, you punish it (must be immediate so a connection can be made mentally)

21
Q

What does the hot and cold game demonstrate?

A

To demonstrate how reinforcements are more effective than punishments (TEST QUESTION)

22
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

behaviorist, didn’t believe in free will, didn’t diminish thoughts

23
Determinism
the philosophical thing that says “free will is an illusion”, we are reacting to our environment we are not choosing what we do, agency is a myth
24
Opernant Conditioning
conditioning voluntary behavior
25
Positive reinforcement
something you like is added to the situation to increase a behavior
26
Negative reinforcements
something is taken away that you don’t like that causes and increase in behavior
27
Positive punishment
something is added to the situation to decrease the behavior
28
Negative punishment
something is taken away that you like to decrease the behavior
29
primary reinforcers
things that satisfy biological needs
30
secondary reinforcers
things that are not a biological need ex:) money isn't something we need, but it can be used to buy food and water and a house
31
extinction
when reinforcers are no longer present
32
spontaneous recovery
the reemergence of a conditioned response after a delay
33
interval
passage of time (weaker than ratio)
34
fixed interval
consistent passage of time
35
variable interval
random passage of time
36
ratio
a number of times a behavior is performed
37
fixed ratio
a consistent amount of behaviors repeated
38
variable ratio
a random amount of behaviors repeated