Chapter 14- Personality Flashcards
Defense mechanism
in denial, acting the opposite of how you feel
victorian era
1837-1901, a time of extreme sexual repression
Sigmund Freud
a doctor/pschyciatris who discussed sexual urges and broke the repressed social norm
Projection
taking bad things about you and putting it on someone else
people in general have a fear of_____ and _____
punishment and abandonement
Structures of the personality
ID, Ego, Superego
ID
natrual urges and drives we’ve had since birth (natural man instincts, eating drinking, needs instant gratification)
shoulder devil
Ego
mediator/compromisor between ID and Superego/bridge builder
Reality principle
asses the world accordingly and act in regulation
Superego
rules, thoughts, values or conscious (something that is taught by parents or society)
shoulder angel
you are hungry and see your sisters wedding cake. What does ID, Ego, and Superego do?
ID- wants to eat came
Superego- you shouldn’t do that, she will be mad
Ego- eat a fruitsnack instead of the cake
Fixation
Too much or too little stimulation can cause the child to remain in one of the psychosexual stages
Erogenous zones
area of the child’s body that is susceptible to sexual stimulation
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral, Anus, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral Stage
0-18 months
putting things in the mouth
Anus stage
2-3 years
focus on pooping and farting
Anal retensive
clean freaks, holds poop in
Anal explosive
messy, made accidents
Phallic stage
3-6 years
genital is the focus, life is dominated by pleasure and pain and moods
oedipus complex
phallic stage, child wants parent sexually and finds a future partner like their parent
castration anxiety
phallic stage, male child’s fear of loosing genitals as punishment for trying to overpower father
electra complex
phallic stage, daughter is possisive of father, doesn’t like mom
Latency stage
5/6-13 years
focuses on intellect, social skills, creativity, no erogenous zone, fixation is either work or play
Genital Stage
13-death, where you become theoretically balanced in the erogenous zones
Critisisms of Freud
not scientific, hard to measure ID Ego and Superego, no predictive value, “explains everything so it explains nothing”, emphasis on sexuality is super strong
Repression
defense mechanism, motivated forgetting/putting bad things out of mind
Rationalization
defense mechanism, justification
Reaction formation
defense mechanism, you portray opposite feelings and behavior to hide your true feelings for someone
Displacement
defense mechanism, taking anger out on less threatening object other than the thing we are actually mad at
(ex: mad at boss but can’t loose job so beats kids)
Identification
defense mechanism, taking on characteristics/values of opressor
ex: bully becomes a bully
stockholm syndrome
when victims of kidnapping sympathtize/encourage captor, not common
Sublimation
defense mechanism, turning unacceptable urges to productive, acceptable activities
ex: wanting to beat someone up, becoming a professional cage fighter
Personality
trait/characteristics
personality theorist
a person’s personality makes them behave consistantly across experiences and situations
trait
the thing that makes us consistent in different situations
Grodon Allport
said there were 18,000 personality traits from a dictionary
Cattell
said 2/3 traits existed
Big 5 Persoanlity Inventory
OCEAN, high score means you have it, low scores means you don’t
O in OCEAN
oppensess (new experiences or comfort)
C in OCEAN
C- concsientiousness (detailed and cautious or reckless)
E in OCEAN
extraversion (outgoing, reserved)
A in OCEAN
A- agreeable (peaceful, making drama)
N in OCEAN
Neurotisism (low confidence, hgih confidence)
self-reports
a patient reports their own symptooms, emotions, life style happiness, etc.
Probelms of self reports
people can lie, people can forget
Thematic apperception test
projective test that makes the patient tell a story to the lsitener. This story will most often have elements of their personal life
Problem with Thematic apperception tests
Therapists are not free of bias. Patients can act like the test for the theraptist to analyze and put in interpretations from out own life
social cognative approach-
to understand personality, whe have to consider situations and peoples reactions to those situations
Person-situation controversy
Is behavior caused by personality or situation?
humanistic psychology
self actualization
Abraham Maslow explained humanistic personality through people being their real self and meeting their full potential
Abraham Maslows
free will, taking responsibility for behavior, can’t progress until you meet survival milestones, self actualization
humanistic theories
free will and self development are critical to develop the personality
self concept
how someone thinks of themself, “who am I?”
Carlo Rogers
believed that person centered therapy and always supporting someone will help them find their true self
existential psychology
life is about finding meaning in suffering, be concerned with “how do I get through this” instead of “why is this happening”
Internal LOC
I have control over my life
External LOC
I have no control over my life
locus of control
the belief of how much control someone has over situations
outcome expectancies
anticipated consequences (positive or negative) as a result of engaging in a behavior
self serving bias
we attribute positive outcomes to ourselves but negative outcomes to others
humanistic psychology
believes that people are good and should reach their full potential,
Viktor Frankil
saw people lived or died, people survived who had meaning, didn’t like the Americans drive for happiness because without happiness you look for happiness, “the key to a happy life is to have no expectations”
Gordan Allport
belived 18000 traits existed
Cattell
narrowed traits down to 2-3
