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Psych > Chapter 13- Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

illusion of Invulnerability

A

we see and hear a lot about death, mainly strangers dying, and we say “that’s not going to happen to me”. But if a close family member or friend dies, that illusion shatters and its almost expected.

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2
Q

good first impressions…

A

hard to make, easy to loose

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3
Q

bad first impressions…

A

easy to make, hard to loose

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4
Q

Kitty Genovese

A

bar tender got beat up and then killed, no one helped her because they thought someone else would help her

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5
Q

bystander effect

A

helping behavior decreases when there is more people around. You are less likely to get help with more people verses fewer people around

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6
Q

Once you do something bad…

A

…you’re more likely to do more and more worse things

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7
Q

Stanley Milegram

A

affected by WWII, scientist that believed that people couldn’t just “follow orders” of killing people, did the Milegram experiemnt to prove “normal people would not follow through”

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8
Q

Milegram Experiment

A

participants were asked ot punish another “participant” when they got memory correlations wrong. Milegram wanted to see just how far people would go before stopping in the face of authority (the doctor in the room)

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9
Q

Findings of the milegram experiemnt

A

62%, 2/3s of participants followed through with orders all the way to deadly shocks. Without consequence and punishments, human nature becomes immoral.

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10
Q

Standford Prison Study

A

fake prison was made and employed college students as guards. After being in there for less than a week, the students had taken on their roles of guards and prisoners very quickly and the situation grew too violent to keep it going for 2 weeks

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11
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

made the Stanford Prison study , wanted to see how situations/enviornment can affect human behavior

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12
Q

What’s more important, values or situations?

A

situations

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13
Q

Jane Elliot

A

elementary school teacher that did a blue eyed, brown eyed experiment with her kids where she told them that blue yes were superior and brown eyes were stupid, and switched them so the children could understand racism.

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14
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

ingroup vs outgroup, us vs them, people are constantly put in groups and either give labels to others or label themselves

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15
Q

Who created the Ingroup Outgroup Dynamic?

A

Jane Elliot

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16
Q

Social Psychology

A

study people scientifically, utilize theories to understand individuals and how they react in groups, combines psychology and sociology

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17
Q

How are most scientific discoveries made?

A

By accident or from someone’s misfortune

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18
Q

what can we infer about human brains?

A

Our brains crave stimulation, without it we go insane

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19
Q

how do we describe our own or other people’s behavior?

A

heretics, subtyping, stereotypes, avaliability heretics

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20
Q

Heuristics

A

quick mental shortcuts

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21
Q

Avaliability heretics

A

you think something happens more than it really does because it’s readily available in your mind

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22
Q

stereotypes

A

heuristics that make assumptions about people

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23
Q

Subtyping

A

exceptions to stereotypes

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24
Q

attribution theory

A

how people percieve the causes of events and behaviors

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25
Q

internal/dispositional

A

look at your personality/yourself

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26
Q

external

A

look at the situation

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27
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

when we are acting in situations, we draw upon external things (I didn’t see the person in my blind spot). When we are observing situations, we draw upon internal things. (that person is so stupid)

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28
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

when explaining other people’s behavior, we overestimate internal attributes, and we underestimate external attributions

29
Q

Aggression

A

doing something with the intention to harm someone

30
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

you have a goal and while pursuing that goal you have obstacles and you want to remove the obstacle through aggression

31
Q

factors of aggression

A

heat/weather, testosterone levels (so kinda gender), self esteem

32
Q

whos more likely to physically hurt someone

A

men

33
Q

whos more premeditated/planning to ruin life

A

women

34
Q

whos more likely to cause social harm

A

women

35
Q

whos more motivated by securing resources

A

women (evolutionary theory)

36
Q

who would more likely be hurt by physical affairs?

A

men

37
Q

who would be more likely hurt by emotional affairs?

A

women

38
Q

whos more impulsive

A

men

39
Q

In the golden ball scenario…

A

the man splits the money and the girl steals the money (trust is hard because you don’t want to be taken advantage of)

40
Q

“cooperation and imrpovisation have and will prevail”

A

Charles Darwin

41
Q

Cooperation

A

both parties benefit from helping each other

42
Q

Kin Selection

A

humans engage in altruistic behavior towards their family because they want to continue their bloodline/legacy

43
Q

Altruism

A

behavior that is not supposed to benefit the self/selfless behavior, doing it only for someone else

44
Q

Does altruism really exist?

A

not really

44
Q

Reciprocal altruism

A

we behave selflessly because we want others to help us (when you help someone you want them to help you)

45
Q

cons of groups

A

conformity, prejudice, discrimination, common knowledge effect, group polarization, groupthink, deindividualism, diffusion of responsibility, social loafing, bystander effect

46
Q

Pros of Groups

A

secures well being, safety, identity

47
Q

Solomon Asche

A

scientist that challenged group pressure/social referencing by having people look at lines’ length and have the majority of participants (actors) choose the wrong answer which would make the true participant chose the wrong answer and go along with the crowd

47
Q

Solomon Asche take away

A

if you increase the group size 3-4, conformity increases

48
Q

Prejudice

A

an attitude towards something positive or negative

49
Q

discrimination

A

a behavior towards something, can be positive or negative

50
Q

Common knowledge effect

A

when you are in a group, you share the same information. The person who doesn’t conform to that knowledge that is not in the group is ganged up on. (Only considers knowledge that supports your current views, bias)

50
Q

Group polarization

A

caution and analysis goes away in groups because without the caution, people will be more inclined to make extreme decisions in a group as opposed to making a decision alone. They don’t want to be the only one at fault if something goes wrong. Makes people extreme in decision making

51
Q

Groupthink

A

people don’t want to be kicked out of their group so they try not to create conflict, so people keep their mouths shut. “I don’t want to go in this direction with the group but i don’t want to get kicked out so i’ll just stay quiet” its better to preserve harmony than challenge harmony

52
Q

how do you reduce groupthink?

A

anonymity, assign a “devil’s advocate” that is supposed to berate the groups idea which allows other people to feel safe to vocalize their opinion, “courage is contagious”

53
Q

Deindividualization

A

you have values/principles, when you are a single acting agent the spotlight is on you. You are aware of your values and principles. In a group, your level of awareness of your values plummets. You focus on the group’s values and not your own.

54
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

you have responsibilities, alone you are aware of your responsibilities, in a group you grow less aware of responsibility. The group as a whole gains responsibility of an event

55
Q

Social Loafing

A

Not putting in whole effort because you know your group will pick up your slack

56
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

exposure to something makes you like it more, you like things that are more familiar to you

57
Q

Paradox of choice

A

more choices you have, the less satisfied you are with the choice you made. Fewer choices, more satisfied with your decision.

58
Q

Passionate love

A

passionate, romantic, sexually oriented feelings last around 2-3 years on average

59
Q

Compassionate love

A

commitment, hard work, sacrifice, stuff that isn’t easy, love is sustained here, it keeps marriages together. Not sexual or romantic

60
Q

Persuasion

A

manipulation of others to do, think, pursue something I want someone else to do

61
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

using someone attrative/charismatic to convince other people, Appealing to emotions

62
Q

Semantic Persuasion

A

facts, charts, graphs, and evidence used to convince you

63
Q

Foot in the door

A

Consistency of saying yes to small things can lead to agreeing to bigger things

64
Q

Door in the face

A

starting with a crazy request and making someone think they have negotiating power to get them to buy the thing

65
Q
A

Psych (12 decks)

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