Art History Exam 3 Flashcards by Madelyn Jackson

Fibula

clasp to keep a cloak on

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Burnish

smooth the coffin with a hard surface to make a hard shein

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tumulus

an artificial mound built over a tomb that contains art, artifacts and goods, in a Necropolis outside of regular living area

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Romulus and Remus

twins raised by a she wolf that founded rome (mainly Romulus, hence the name)

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Circus Maximus

U shaped chariot racing stadium that was used for entertainment

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Obelisk

tall 4 sided monument w a pyramid on the top

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Engaged columns

columns attached to a wall

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Triumphal Arch

monumental arch structure built by ancient romans to commemorate/ honor someone important

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Forum

civic space in a roman city

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Baths

public bathing area

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Colosseum

grand monument where people would put on brutal spectacles like animal spectacles and gladiator combats

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Pilasters

a column that comes out of a wall, decorative, flat and boxy, does not support the building

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Bust sculpture

sculpture of just the head and chest

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Syncretism

blending different art styles and cultures together in a new combination

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Barrel vault

like a tunnel, long curved arch

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Groin vault

2 intersecting barrel vault

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buttress

architectural element that supports/reinforces a wall, kinda reminds me of a branch of cement that connects two columns/arches

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bay

space in between architectural elements or a design unit within a building (like the space an arch creates between the bottom of its two pillars)

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pier

vertical support structure helps carry the weight of the structure, the thicker ones in between columns

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spandrel

Flat space in between arches that conjoins them together (triangle thing)

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Keystone

middle stone of an arcg that is the stabilizing piece

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Voussoirs

wedge shaped stones in an arch, stones around the keystone

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Jamb

vertical sides of arch on either side of the opening that are CONNECTED TO THE WALL

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Springing

first two stones in the arch, furthest from the keystone

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Piers

the large column where the arch rests and CONNECTS TWO ARCHES TOGETHER and does NOT touch the wall

Concrete

building material that lasted super long

Classicizing

art that imitates the art of ancient greece and rome

Veristic

sculpture that is lifelike, very realistic w lots of impurity details

Mosaic tesserae

small, regular pieces of material used to make mosaics

Atmospheric perspective

creates illusion of depth and perspective in a painting, shows things as far away

Curved colonnade

curving wall of columns, series of columns joined by entablature that is free-standing

Augustus

first emperor of rome, he emulated some greek sculpture

Composite style column-

scrolls, acanthus leaves, base, fluting, BIG scrolls, blend ionic and corinthian

Tuscan style column

kinda like doric, no fluting, base, plain capital

Dome

curved, spherical ceiling

Coffers

decorative sunken panels in the shape of squares, rectangles or octagons

Oculus

circular opening, seen in pantheon

Equestrian statue-

propaganda of ruling regime

Eclectic

combining different art styles into a single work

Buon fresco

paint on wet plaster

Secco fresco

paint on dry plaster

Mystery cults

cults not allowed bc it didn’t follow with the main religion

Peristyle Baths

baths w columns surrounding the space

Basilica

civic halls used in roma since the republic, rectangular w a semicircular thing on the end

Aisles

interior space divided, long middle aisle called ht nave, side aisled flank the nave

Clerestory

upper wall with windows, normally big and arched

Apse

a semicircular or polygonal recess in a building that's often used for worship and ceremonial activities

Peristyle

row of columns surrounding interior space

Colossus

big statue that is bigger than life sized

Roundels

picture w a round frame

Deify

glorification of a person, idea or animal like they are a deity

Soldier-emperors

art that shows roman emperors that they seized by force w militia

Findspot

place were an architectural object was found

Porphyry

purple stone that is hard to carve, normally commissioned by emperors

Constantine & Christianity

constantine made christianity legal, eventually it became the main religion

Republican era vs. Empire

republic run by several members, empire only ruled by one

Incrustation style (first)

paint and stucco to imitate marble and masonry stone

faux marble

marble stones painted onto a wall, incrustation style

Architectural Style (second)

opens up to include figures and architecture, more depth, fantasy realm, gardens

illusionist effects

gives depth and perspective to art

Ornate Style (third)

solid planes, intense colors like black and red, accented w architectural features, largely abandoned illusionism of second style

Intricate (fourth)

used all the styles together