Art History Exam 4 Flashcards
Mandorla
Almond frame
Triumphal arch
glorifies light in the world
Colonnade
line of columns
Altar
a raised structure used for worship, sacrifice, and prayer
Transept
a cross-shaped section of a church that intersects the main body of the building at right angles
Clerestory
tall windows on a wall in a line
Eucharist
a sacrament that commemorates Christ’s death and resurrection, and is also known as communion or Holy Communion
spolia
art taken from other places and repurposed
Mausoleum
large, sepulchral monument, typically made of stone, that is used to inter and enshrine the remains of a famous or powerful person.
Lunette
a semi-circular or crescent-shaped architectural space or feature that can be filled with art
Icons in Orthodox Christianity
living images, devotion to image is the same as devotion to what it represents and is, Not idol worship
basilica plan
long, rectangular building with a central nave
central plan
symmetrical design w a central point, circular or polygonal
Diptych
art made from two panels
Christian Basilica
a church building that is based on the architectural form of the ancient Roman basilica
Crusades
religious wars that took place during the middle ages
Synagogue
place of worship and study for jews
Anti-semitism
hostility or prejudice against Jews
Torah shrine
an ornate cabinet that enshrines the sacred Torah scrolls used for public worship
Edict of Milan
a proclamation issued in 313 CE that granted religious freedom to Christians and other faiths in the Roman Empire
narthex
porch at the enterance of a church
ambulatory
semicircular or polygonal aisle, covered walkway
atrium
open-sky entrance of a roman home
Nave
middle aisle
Apse
a semicircular or polygonal recess in a building that often houses the altar
Transept
a cross-shaped section of a church that intersects the main body of the building at right angles (t)
Aisle
side walkways
Greek Cross church
Greek is a small cross building, fit in a square, more common in east
Typology/Prefiguration
a system for organizing and classifying artworks based on shared characteristics
Iconography
a particular range or system of types of image used by an artist or artists to convey particular meanings
Liturgy
any work of art that pertains in some way to the rite of Christian worship.
Orant
a figure in a prayer pose, often with outstretched arms
Good Shepherd trope
shows jesus as protective w sheep who guides his followers
Catacombs
An underground cemetery consisting of tunnels on multiple levels
Quran
word of god, It was revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
Muhammad
founder of islam, proclaimer of quran
Hypostyle hall
hall with rows of columns
Mihrab
niche in the wall that points to Mecca
Mecca
holy city
Minaret
tall thin tower
Qibla
direction of the mecca
(?)
Minbar
pulpit in the form of a staircase
hanging lamps
used to light mosques and other public buildings, made of glass and gold leaf
muezzin
a Muslim crier who, from a minaret (a tall tower) of a mosque, calls Muslims to prayer five times a day
Iznik Tile
blue and white tile, influenced by chinese ceramics, popular in spain and greece
Iwan
summer gathering place, vaulted spaced often attached to courtyards
Geometric arabesque
a decorative style of art that uses intricate patterns of floral, geometric, and abstract motifs
Islamic calligraphy
became popular because they didn’t use images to worship
Ottoman Empire
An empire developed by the Turks between the fourteenth and twentieth centuries
Squinches
transition from octagonal to round dome
Pendentives
a triangular architectural component that supports a dome over a square or polygonal space
Pier
A larger, wider column that offers support to a building or arch
three themes of islamic art
written word is important, artistic expressions independant of the human figure (no images, jsut patterns), equality of genres
Double portico
colonnaded porch or entrance to a structure, or a covered walkway supported by regularly spaced columns
Muqarnas
ceiling vaulting that looks like honeycomb on the ceiling in niche elements
Horseshoe arch
curves more than a roman arch and then goes straight down, goes in and down
Sutton Hoo ship burial
Found by edith pretty, had the helmet, other trinkets and left an impression in the earth
“Animal” style
a decorative style characterized by stylized, often abstract, and intricate depictions of animals
Chi-Ro
A symbol for Jesus Christ used in Christian art, (PX)
Carpet page
art in book that looks like a carpet
Evangelist portrait
a specific type of miniature or illustration, often in illuminated manuscripts, featuring the four Evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and their symbols
Monastery
a place where monks or nuns live and worship together, and may also be a place of solitude for hermits.
Abbey church
housing for monks and nuns
Double transept plan
a church layout featuring two sets of transepts
Westwork
the monumental entrance to a church that faces west
Tribune
a raised gallery or platform in a church or other building that’s used for viewing or making speeches
matthews sign
winged man/angel
mark sign
lion
luke sign
ox
john sign
eagle
christ triumphant vs suffering christ
First shows the glory/untouchable portrayal of jesus, second shows more emotion and sacrifice
Reliquary
container that holds a relic
Ravenna
important port in ancient rome
Constantinople (Byzantium)
Largest city in turkey
Constantine the Great
made christianity legal
Galla Placidia
Daughter of emperor, sister of the man who would rule the western capital, married in a political alliance, she ruled a part of the western roman empire until her son could take over
Justinian & Theodora
emperor and empress of the Byzantine Empire
Mimar Sisan
Ottoman architect who designed many mosques and other structures, including bridges and caravansaries
Suleyman the Magnificent
he commission architecture, made a legal system,
Muhammad
founder of islam, proclaimer of quran
Charlemagne
king of the Franks and Christian emperor of the West, inforced a lot of literacy and education, crowned emperor by Pope Leo III
Early Christian art
religious work with tiles, depicting jesus and disciples, greek cross architecture
Early Medieval
fusion of artistic styles, techniques, and iconography from the late Roman, early Christian, and “barbarian” Northern European cultures
Byzantine art
displays religious art, weird perspective
Jewish art
odd perspective, religion based, incorporated tradition and rituals into paintings and architecture
Islamic art
calligraphy became popular because they didn’t use images to worship, no idols
Hiberno-Saxon art
curvy lines and fancy letters of celts, zoomorphic/bejeweled, and human figure and christianity
Carolingian
revival of classical forms and motifs, known for its illuminated manuscripts and architecture, particularly the westwork
Ottonian
“expressive realism”, large-scale sculpture (ex doors)
gallery
second floor above aisles
