art history exam 2

Question 1

Buon fresco

Answer 1

painting on wet plaster, its very stable, creates a chemical bond for the paint to combine with the wall

Question 2

Secco fresco

Answer 2

paint on dry plaster

Question 3

Cyclopean

Answer 3

massive stone structures (believed to have been made by cyclops is told in The Odyssey)

Question 4

Corbelling

Answer 4

use of architecture to construct stones and move them in a bit more on each level so there was a triangle space

Question 5

Citadel

Answer 5

fortified structure that is often located within a city or town

Question 6

Dromos

Answer 6

An avenue or passage leading into an ancient Greek temple or tomb, especially one lined with rows of columns or statues

Question 7

Tholos

Answer 7

a circular building with a conical or vaulted roof and with or without a peristyle, or surrounding colonnade

Question 8

Clay slip

Answer 8

used to decorate the pot w clay pigments, oxidation would change the color of the pigment to make it black, slip used to decorate clay pots, used to decorate the pot w clay pigments, oxidation would change the color of the pigment to make it black

Question 8

Terracotta

Answer 8

materials made out of baked clay (art, sculpture, architecture)

Question 9

Amphora

Answer 9

storage jars, used as grave markers, tapered bottom, wider middle and top, thin mouth and rim

Question 10

Krater

Answer 10

pottery with a thin bottom and a bigger, wider top with a rim not tapered

Question 11

doric

Answer 11

column with a plain top, a fluted shaft, and no base

Question 12

ionic

Answer 12

column with scroll capital, fluting in the sides, base

Question 13

corinthian

Answer 13

column with scrolls, acanthus leaves, fluting

Question 14

Caryatid

Answer 14

sculptures used in place of columns

Question 15

Entablature

Answer 15

architectural element that contains the cornice, frieze, and the architrave beneath the roof/triangle top

Question 16

frieze

Answer 16

decorative horizontal band in greek architecture/ continuous sculpture in a band

Question 16

Entasis

Answer 16

Shape of columns where the bulge in the middle and taper at top, emphasizes that the columns are holding a lot of weight

Question 17

Kore

Answer 17

female sculpture that is dressed

Question 18

Kourus

Answer 18

male sculpture in the nude

Question 19

Archaic smile

Answer 19

used to portray well-being/transcendence, less about emotion

Question 20

Pediment

Answer 20

triangle gable on top that is supported by columns, often has sculpture in it

Question 21

High relief

Answer 21

sculpture that come out from the stone it was carved from to create a sense of depth

Question 22

Black-figured technique

Answer 22

entire design in black silhouette against reddish clay, then incised details w a needle, then painted white and purple over black to make parts stand out (subjects are black), it came before the red-figure technique

Question 23

Red-figured technique

Answer 23

opposite of black technique, painted instead w a brush (more naturalism) (subjects are red), when it became popular it surpassed the black-figure technique

Question 24

Greek canon

Answer 24

guidelines used in sculpture

Question 25

Acropolis

Answer 25

city on mountain, mainly religious buildings

Question 26

Triglyph

Answer 26

decorative panel with three bands

Question 27

Metope

Answer 27

decorated space between triglyphs, often had sculpture but it would fall off a lot

Question 28

Architrave

Answer 28

beam below frieze

Question 29

Phidian Style

Answer 29

sculpture with detailed flowy fabric that emphasizes movement

Question 30

Engaged columns

Answer 30

columns coming out of a wall

Question 31

Colonnade

Answer 31

series of columns in a straight line that support entablature

Question 32

Mosaic

Answer 32

art made with little pieces of colored glass squares (other materials can also be used)

Question 32

Virtuosity

Answer 32

great technical skill and precision

Question 33

Octastyle

Answer 33

8 columns on either end, it makes it very wide and makes a u shaped cella

Question 34

Sir Arthur Evans

Answer 34

found the bull piece of people vaunting over a bull

Question 35

Heinrich Schliemann

Answer 35

German ammeture archeologist who discovered Mycenae

Question 36

Plato

Answer 36

He was a philosopher, a student of Socrates. Art is a representation of the world, best art imitates the ideal form of something Theory of forms- there are perfect realms, there is a perfect couch Likeness vs appearance making: How close are we to replicating the true nature of the object?

Question 37

Aristotle

Answer 37

Understanding through artistic reconveyance than merely copying reality (art is a lie that tells the truth)

Question 38

Alexander the Great

Answer 38

wanted to defeat persia and wanted asian as far to india He was forced to retreat out of india partially due to elephant forces in the army He began the dawn of hellenistic era

Question 39

Athens

Answer 39

Democracy Capital of greece

Question 40

Delphi

Answer 40

an oracle that would predict the future and give prophecies/ major art center in ancient times