Art History Exam 5 Flashcards
Narthex
a vestibule or porch at the entrance of a church
Nave
middle aisle
Aisles
aisles on the side of the church
Ambulatory
A semicircular or polygonal aisle, covered walkway
Triforium
three layered walls, the windows in the middle/shallow arcades of windows
Clerestory
line of windows
Piers
fat, load bearing columns
nave arcade
a series of arches, typically supported by columns or piers, that separates the central nave (the main body of a church) from the side aisles
Bays
space between arches’ columns
Transept
a cross-shaped section of a church that intersects the main body of the building at right angles
Choir
space behind alter/crossing
Apse
where the alter is
What is an ambulatory?
A semicircular or polygonal aisle, covered walkway.
What is a gallery in architecture?
The second floor above aisles.
What are piers?
Fat, load bearing columns.
What are barrel vaults?
Like a tunnel, long curved arches.
What are groin vaults?
Two intersecting barrel vaults.
What is a transept?
A cross-shaped section of a church that intersects the main body of the building at right angles.
What is a choir in a church?
The space behind the altar/crossing.
What are double transepts?
A church with two transepts.
What are flying buttresses?
Buttresses that are arches supporting a building/ribbing outside of the building.
What are rose windows?
Decorated circular windows.
What are lancets?
Slender, pointed windows.
What is ribbed vaulting?
Crossed or arched ribs on ceilings.
What is a round arch?
Arches with a semicircle, round-topped arch.
What are jamb statues?
Statues on the jambs/outside of doors.
What is light theology?
The concept that light correlates to God/heaven/pure things.
What is the Latin cross?
A building plan with a long nave.
What are spires?
Tall pointed structures, triangles on top of roofs or towers.
What is the crossing in a church?
The area where the tower sits in the floor plan.
What is the difference between the west end and east end of a church?
The west end is where you enter from, while the east points towards the altar.
What are portals?
Doors.
What is a tympanum?
When you view a lunette from outside.
What is a trumeau?
A sculpture in between doors to separate them.
What is a lintel?
A vertical, often carved beam above a portal.
What are archivolts?
Radiating curved shapes that funnel away from the door.
pointed arches
arches w a point that bears more weight in gothic buildings
Colonettes
small, thin, decorative columns
trefoil/quatrefoil
clover-like shapes with three or four petals, often used in stained glass windows
scissor arch
supports a building by having the arches cross from the sides, has oculus in them, in the ____ church
Barbarian decorations
heavy architecture, chevron decorations
Chevrons
zigzag patterns on columns
Blind arcade
columns fused to walls as decoration
Star vaulting
decorative vaulting that looks like stars
Crazy Vaulting
decorative vaulting that isn’t symmetrical/doesn’t line up
Fan vaulting
decorative vaulting that fans across the ceiling
Choir screen
right before the altar, behind it is the “holy of holies” area, called choir screen bc choir would sing behind it
Lady Chapel
devoted to Mary, would have been full of sculptures on her but only one remains
Pendant vaulting
vaulting that hangs like a chandelier
Purbeck marble
black limestone, cheer marble, its polished
compound piers
Load bearing structural support used to support arches or vaults, oftentimes has collonettes on them
Historiated capital
sculpted stories in the capitals
grotesque capital
mythical figures carved in a column capital
defining features of romanesque architecture
Round windows, columns, thick walls, round ribbing, little windows
How did pilgrimages impact churches in the Romanesque period?
Pilgrims impacted churches w more aisles and easier ways to view the church to not disrupt the service going on
defining features of Gothic architecture:
Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, rose windows, thinner columns
What innovations allowed for taller buildings and more windows in the Gothic era?
Pointed arches allowed for taller buildings and larger windows, flying buttresses were used for support and taller, thinner columns. ribbed vaulting helped distribute the weight and thinner walls
Tree of jesse
lineage of old testament kings that were the ancestors of christ
Assumption of mary
mary goes up to heaven/ascends
Coronation of mary
crowning of mary as a queen on heaven
Annunciation
angel gabriel visits mary to tell her she will bear the christ child
Visitation
mary visited by her cousin elizabeth who is pregnant w john the baptist
Last judgement
judges souls for heaven and hell
Pieta
made up moment, not scriptural but when mary hotels jesus after crucifixion
Chained library
library where the books are chained up so they wouldn’t be stolen, books were very important
Protestant Iconoclasm
religiously motivated destruction of images because images were idolatrous/wrong
Donor portraits
sculptors made based on REAL PEOPLE
Enamel
what is used to fuse colored glass panes together
way of st james
network of pilgrimage routes leading to the shrine of the Apostle James in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain
Pilgrim shell
the symbol of Saint James (the shell’s grooves symbolize the many roads of the pilgrimage
relic/Cult of Relic
physical remains of religious peoples caused for a spread of pilgrimage to see them in person
Monasteries & their purpose
where nuns and monks live, religious and spiritual center
foil
piece of paper folded for a manuscript
codex
ancient book
illuminated manuscript
illustrated books with art in them
historiated initial
enlarged, really fancy letter
Anglo-Norman Romanesque
rounded arches, thick walls, and decorative arcading, influenced by continental Romanesque and early Christian architecture
Trussed timber roof
structural framework to support a roof
Crypt
stone chamber used for housing relics or burial
Campanile
a bell tower close to a church
Baptistery
an architecturally distinct tower used for the christian faith and baptisms
Embroidery
needlework decorative sewing
Moralized bible
short biblical text and both drawn and written commentary
Reliquary
what is used to hold relics
Dormition of mary
when mary dies
deposition
taking christ off of the cross
theotokos
depiction of mary holding jesus as a baby with angels around her
patocrator
an image of Jesus as a ruler of the universe, holding a book and making a blessing gesture
st denis
a bishop that was beheaded for his faith, he holds his own head
facade
front of the building
