final - key terms Flashcards
Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood
antibodies
Foreign substances or toxins that stimulate the production of antibodies
antigens
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax
achalasia
pituitary glands make too much growth hormone
acromegaly (gigantism)
Glial cells that transport salts and water for capillaries in the central nervous system
astrocyte
postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or extent of disease
autopsy
a procedure that removes a sample of the cell for testing
biopsy
impaired blood flow to the brain, caused by acute brain injury
cerebral ischemia
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
Benign growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colonic polyposis
- inflammatory bowel disease
- unknown cause
- normally affects the ileum
Crohn’s disease
Region in the lower abdomen, mid-way between the rectum and the uterus
Cul de sac
Hernia of the urinary bladder
cystocele
Chromosomal abnormality that results in mental retardation
Down’s syndrome
Painful, inflamed intestine commonly caused by bacterial infection
dysentery
abnormal/ painful digestion
dyspepsia
difficulty swallowing
dysphasia
Collection of blood located above the dura mater (membrane around brain and spinal cord)
Epidural hematoma
- Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
- burping
eructation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn caused by blood group( Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and fetus
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Swollen, twisted veins, at the lower end of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
gas expelled through the anus
flatus
Removal of gum disease
Gingivectomy
- a fast-growing, aggressive brain tumor that’s also known as a grade IV astrocytoma
- tumor’s varied types of “glial” brain cells and it is highly variable
glioblastoma multiforme
Inflammation of the glomerulus in the kidney
Glomerulonephritis
collection or mass of blood
hematoma
removal of half of the tongue
hemiglossectomy
stoppage of blood or the flow of blood
hemostasis
Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach into the chest through the opening of the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
- Infant respiratory distress syndrome
- acute lung disease commonly seen in premature newborns
Hyaline membrane disease
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
- High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream
- jaundice
Hyperbilirubinemia
Process of cutting into the body
incision
A small loop of the bowel protrudes through a weakened lower abdominal muscle
inguinal hernia
Group of gastrointestinal symptoms(abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating), but without structural abnormalities in the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome
two inner folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina
labia minora
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location
metastisis
tumor of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Meningioma
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with the tendency to vomit
nausea
- Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
- urea, creatinine, and uric acid
Nitrogenous waste
reconstruction of the palate (roof of the mouth)
Palatoplasty
Functional, essential tissue of an organ
Parenchymal tissue
study of disease
pathology
Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males; below cul-de-sac
perineum
excessive urination
polyuria
- Prediction about the outcome of an illness
- knowledge beforehand
prognosis
false pregnancy
Pseudocyesis
Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (opening of the stomach to the duodenum)
Pyloric stenosis
pain in the rectum
rectalgia
hernia of the rectum
Rectocele
stomach contents flow back up the esophagus and into the mouth
Regurgitation
Removal of an organ or part of the body
resection
- Salivary gland stone
- lodged in a salivary gland
Sialolithiasis
Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fats
Steatorrhea
Collection of blood in space below the dura mater surrounding the brain
Subdural hematoma
- Fusions of fingers or toes
- congenital abnormality
Syndactyly
- Malignant tumor of a testis or ovary
- composed of embryonic cells that develop into different types of tissue
teratoma