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Medical Terminology > final - key terms > Flashcards

final - key terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood

A

antibodies

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2
Q

Foreign substances or toxins that stimulate the production of antibodies

A

antigens

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3
Q

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

A

achalasia

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4
Q

pituitary glands make too much growth hormone

A

acromegaly (gigantism)

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5
Q

Glial cells that transport salts and water for capillaries in the central nervous system

A

astrocyte

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6
Q

postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or extent of disease

A

autopsy

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7
Q

a procedure that removes a sample of the cell for testing

A

biopsy

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8
Q

impaired blood flow to the brain, caused by acute brain injury

A

cerebral ischemia

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9
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

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10
Q

Benign growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon

A

Colonic polyposis

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11
Q
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • unknown cause
  • normally affects the ileum
A

Crohn’s disease

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12
Q

Region in the lower abdomen, mid-way between the rectum and the uterus

A

Cul de sac

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13
Q

Hernia of the urinary bladder

A

cystocele

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14
Q

Chromosomal abnormality that results in mental retardation

A

Down’s syndrome

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15
Q

Painful, inflamed intestine commonly caused by bacterial infection

A

dysentery

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16
Q

abnormal/ painful digestion

A

dyspepsia

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17
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphasia

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18
Q

Collection of blood located above the dura mater (membrane around brain and spinal cord)

A

Epidural hematoma

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19
Q
  • Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
  • burping
A

eructation

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20
Q

Hemolytic disease of a newborn caused by blood group( Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and fetus

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

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21
Q

Swollen, twisted veins, at the lower end of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

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22
Q

gas expelled through the anus

A

flatus

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23
Q

Removal of gum disease

A

Gingivectomy

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24
Q
  • a fast-growing, aggressive brain tumor that’s also known as a grade IV astrocytoma
  • tumor’s varied types of “glial” brain cells and it is highly variable
A

glioblastoma multiforme

25
Q

Inflammation of the glomerulus in the kidney

A

Glomerulonephritis

26
Q

collection or mass of blood

A

hematoma

27
Q

removal of half of the tongue

A

hemiglossectomy

28
Q

stoppage of blood or the flow of blood

A

hemostasis

29
Q

Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach into the chest through the opening of the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

30
Q
  • Infant respiratory distress syndrome
  • acute lung disease commonly seen in premature newborns
A

Hyaline membrane disease

31
Q

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

A

hydrocephalus

32
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

32
Q
  • High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream
  • jaundice
A

Hyperbilirubinemia

33
Q

Process of cutting into the body

A

incision

34
Q

A small loop of the bowel protrudes through a weakened lower abdominal muscle

A

inguinal hernia

35
Q

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms(abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating), but without structural abnormalities in the intestines

A

irritable bowel syndrome

36
Q

two inner folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina

A

labia minora

37
Q

telescoping of the intestines

A

intussusception

38
Q

Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location

A

metastisis

39
Q

tumor of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

Meningioma

40
Q

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with the tendency to vomit

A

nausea

41
Q
  • Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
  • urea, creatinine, and uric acid
A

Nitrogenous waste

42
Q

reconstruction of the palate (roof of the mouth)

A

Palatoplasty

43
Q

Functional, essential tissue of an organ

A

Parenchymal tissue

44
Q

study of disease

A

pathology

45
Q

Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males; below cul-de-sac

A

perineum

46
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

47
Q
  • Prediction about the outcome of an illness
  • knowledge beforehand
A

prognosis

48
Q

false pregnancy

A

Pseudocyesis

49
Q

Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (opening of the stomach to the duodenum)

A

Pyloric stenosis

50
Q

pain in the rectum

A

rectalgia

51
Q

hernia of the rectum

A

Rectocele

52
Q

stomach contents flow back up the esophagus and into the mouth

A

Regurgitation

53
Q

Removal of an organ or part of the body

A

resection

54
Q
  • Salivary gland stone
  • lodged in a salivary gland
A

Sialolithiasis

55
Q

Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fats

A

Steatorrhea

56
Q

Collection of blood in space below the dura mater surrounding the brain

A

Subdural hematoma

57
Q
  • Fusions of fingers or toes
  • congenital abnormality
A

Syndactyly

58
Q
  • Malignant tumor of a testis or ovary
  • composed of embryonic cells that develop into different types of tissue
A

teratoma

Medical Terminology (39 decks)

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