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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

front

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4
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

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5
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

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6
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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7
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

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8
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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9
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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10
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

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11
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

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12
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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13
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of the hip bone)

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14
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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15
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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16
Q

later/o

A

side

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17
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

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18
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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19
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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20
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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21
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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22
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

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23
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

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24
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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25
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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26
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

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27
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple

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28
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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29
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

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30
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

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31
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

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32
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

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33
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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34
Q

ana-

A

up

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35
Q

cata-

A

down

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36
Q

epi-

A

above

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37
Q

hypo-

A

below

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38
Q

inter-

A

between

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39
Q

intra-

A

within

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40
Q

meta-

A

change

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41
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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42
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

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43
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

44
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

45
Q

cell membrane

A

not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell

46
Q

nucleus

A

controls the operations of the cell
- control center of the cell
- contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell

47
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

48
Q

genes

A

regions within chromosomes are called…

49
Q

karyotype

A

a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes

50
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids and energy is absorbed

51
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released

52
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

53
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome
- arranged like a sequence of recipes in code
- it directs the activities of the cell

54
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell
  • large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces
55
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

56
Q

karyotype

A

picture of (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
- the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

57
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical process in a cell
- it includes catabolism and anabolism

58
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

59
Q

What is the process that occurs in the mitochondria?

A

catabolism

60
Q

muscle cell

A

long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

61
Q

epithelial cell

A

may be square and flat to provide protection

62
Q

nerve cell

A

may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

63
Q

fat cell

A

contain large, empty spaces for fat storage

64
Q

organs of the digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach), stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

65
Q

organs of the urinary/excretory system

A

kidney, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (where the exchange of gases takes place)

66
Q

organs of the respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)

67
Q

organs of the female reproductive system

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands

68
Q

organs of the male reproductive system

A

testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

69
Q

organs of the endocrine system

A

thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain). sex glands (ovaries and testes). adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

70
Q

organs of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, verves, and collections of nerves

71
Q

organs of circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels (steries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

72
Q

organs of musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, and joints

73
Q

organs of skin and sense organs

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

74
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

75
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
- forms part of the external ear and the nose
- rings of it surround the trachea

76
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

77
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

78
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located above the trachea

79
Q

pharynx

A

throat
- serves as the common passageway for food and air

80
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

81
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

82
Q

trachea

A

windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes)

83
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

84
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

85
Q

uterus

A

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

86
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the adbomen

87
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

88
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

89
Q

diaphram

A

muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

90
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

pertaining to the back

91
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

92
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing proportions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

93
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
- attaches the abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs

94
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

95
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

96
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal chord

97
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

98
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

pertaining to the front
- front surface of the body

99
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

100
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

101
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

102
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

103
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

104
Q

-plasm

A

foundation

105
Q

-somes

A

bodies

106
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

Medical Terminology (39 decks)

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