Chapter 2 Flashcards
abdomin/o
abdomen
adip/o
fat
anter/o
front
cervic/o
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
chrom/o
color
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
crani/o
skull
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
hist/o
tissue
ili/o
ilium (upper part of the hip bone)
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelvis
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh
spin/o
spine, backbone
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
ventr/o
belly side of the body
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o
internal organs
ana-
up
cata-
down
epi-
above
hypo-
below
inter-
between
intra-
within
meta-
change
-eal
pertaining to
-iac
pertaining to
-ior
pertaining to
-ism
process, condition
cell membrane
not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell
- control center of the cell
- contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell
chromosomes
rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
genes
regions within chromosomes are called…
karyotype
a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes
anabolism
process of building up proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids and energy is absorbed
catabolism
process whereby complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released
cytoplasm
all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
DNA
chemical found within each chromosome
- arranged like a sequence of recipes in code
- it directs the activities of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
- network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell
- large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
karyotype
picture of (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
- the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure
metabolism
total of the chemical process in a cell
- it includes catabolism and anabolism
mitochondria
rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell
What is the process that occurs in the mitochondria?
catabolism
muscle cell
long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
epithelial cell
may be square and flat to provide protection
nerve cell
may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses
fat cell
contain large, empty spaces for fat storage
organs of the digestive system
mouth, pharynx, esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach), stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
organs of the urinary/excretory system
kidney, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (where the exchange of gases takes place)
organs of the respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)
organs of the female reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
organs of the male reproductive system
testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
organs of the endocrine system
thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain). sex glands (ovaries and testes). adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands
organs of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, verves, and collections of nerves
organs of circulatory system
heart, blood vessels (steries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
organs of musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
organs of skin and sense organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
cartilage
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
- forms part of the external ear and the nose
- rings of it surround the trachea
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
histologist
specialist in the study of tissues
larynx
voice box; located above the trachea
pharynx
throat
- serves as the common passageway for food and air
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
trachea
windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes)
ureter
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
urethra
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
uterus
womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
viscera
internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the adbomen
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
cranial cavity
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
diaphram
muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing proportions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
- attaches the abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs
pleura
double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
pleural cavity
space between the pleural layers
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal chord
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
- front surface of the body
deep
away from the surface
superficial
on the surface
supine
lying on the back
prone
lying on the belly
-ose
pertaining to, full of
-plasm
foundation
-somes
bodies
-type
picture, classification
