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Medical Terminology > Ch 14 - lymphatic system > Flashcards

Ch 14 - lymphatic system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  • the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
  • Humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated immunity (T cells) are examples
A

adaptive immunity

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2
Q

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

A

adenoids

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3
Q

protien produced by B cells to destroy antigens

A

antibody

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4
Q
  • substance that the body recognizes as foreign
  • evokes an immune response
  • most are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells
A

antigen

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5
Q

lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)

A

axillary nodes

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6
Q
  • lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
  • the B refers the bone marrow, which is where most of these cells most often originate
A

B cells (B lymphocytes)

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7
Q
  • T cells (cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them
  • a type of adaptive immunity
A

cell-mediated immunity

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8
Q

types of T cells

A
  • cytotoxic
  • helper
  • suppressor
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9
Q

lymph nodes in the neck region

A

cervical nodes

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10
Q

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

A

complement system

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11
Q
  • proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
  • examples are interferons and interleukins
A

cytokines

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12
Q
  • lymphocyte that directly kills antigens
  • called (CD8+) T cell
A

cytotoxic T cells

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13
Q
  • antigen-presenting cell
  • shows what T and B cells what to attack
A

dendritic cell

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14
Q
  • lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells
  • (CD4+) T cell
A

helper T cell

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15
Q
  • B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens
  • type of adaptive immunity
A

Humoral immunity

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16
Q

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

A

immunity

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17
Q
  • antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD
  • secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
A

immunoglobulins

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18
Q

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease

A

immunotherapy

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19
Q

lymph nodes in the groin region

A

inguinal nodes

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20
Q

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

A

interferons

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21
Q

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

A

interleukins

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22
Q
  • fluid in the space between cells
  • this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
A

interstitial fluid

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23
Q

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

A

lymph

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24
Q

tiniest lymphatic vessels

A

lymph capillaries

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25
Q
  • carrier of lymph throughout that body
  • empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
A

lymph vessel

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25
Q
  • lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
  • tonsils and adenoids are other examples
A

lymphoid organs

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26
Q

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels
contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

A

lymph node

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27
Q

large phagocyte found in lymph node and other tissues of the body

A

macrophage

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28
Q

phag/o

A
  • to eat
  • swallow
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29
Q

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity

A

mediastinal nodes

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30
Q

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

A

mesenteric nodes

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31
Q
  • antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells
  • useful in immunotherapy
A

monoclonal antibody

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32
Q
  • protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells
  • it is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
A

natural immunity

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33
Q

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

A

paraaortic nodes

34
Q
  • lymphocyte that secretes antibodies
  • it matures from B lymphocytes
A

plasma cell

35
Q
  • lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body
  • it empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
A

right lymphatic duct

36
Q

organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

A

spleen

37
Q
  • lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells
  • also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)
A

suppressor T cell

38
Q

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

A

T cell (T lymphocyte)

39
Q

ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly
after this is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells

A

tolerance

40
Q
  • large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest)
  • it empties lymph into large veins in the neck
A

thoracic duct

41
Q

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

A

thymus gland

42
Q

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

A

tonsils

43
Q
  • poison
  • a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
A

toxin

44
Q
  • exposures of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that proves an immune response
  • the response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection
A

vaccination

45
Q
  • weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies
  • this results in adaptive immunity
A

vaccine

46
Q

immun/o

A

protection

47
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

48
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node (gland)

49
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

50
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

51
Q

tox/o

A

poison

52
Q

ana-

A
  • again
  • anew
53
Q

inter-

A

between

54
Q
  • group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
  • is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

55
Q

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

A

allergy

56
Q

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

A

lymphoma

57
Q

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

58
Q
  • these include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
  • are mostly B cell lymphomas and rarely T cell malignancies
A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

59
Q

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

A

multiple myeloma

60
Q

tumor of the thymus gland

A

thymoma

61
Q
  • substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction
  • a type of antigen
A

allergen

62
Q

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substances

A

anaphylaxis

63
Q

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition

A

atopy

64
Q

helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigens on their surface

A

CD4+ cells

65
Q
  • malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
  • Reed-Sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis
A

Hodgkin lymphoma

66
Q

virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

67
Q

malignant lesion associated with AIDS
arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as wed, purple, brown, or black skin modules

A

Kaposi sarcoma

68
Q

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue

A

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

69
Q

infectious diseases associated with AIDS
they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained

A

opportunistic infections

70
Q

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

A

protease inhibitor

71
Q

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)

72
Q

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity
associated with AIDS

A

wasting syndrome

73
Q

measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patient with AIDS

A

CD4+ cell count

74
Q

test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)

A

immunoelectrophoresis

75
Q

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

A

ELISA

76
Q

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

A

viral load test

77
Q

x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures

A

computed tomography scan (CT scan

78
Q

causes opportunistic AIDS related infections

A

cytomegalovirus

79
Q

causes opportunistic AIDS related infections

A

cryptococcus

80
Q

use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS

A

HAART(highly active antiretroviral therapy)

81
Q

fungal infections seen in AIDS patients

A

Histo

82
Q

parasitic infection associated with AIDS

A

toxoplasmosis

Medical Terminology (39 decks)

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