Ch 11 conditions and vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
largest artery in the body
A
aorta
2
Q
lower tip of the heart
A
apex of the heart
3
Q
small artery
A
arteriole
4
Q
- largest type of blood vessel
- carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
A
artery
notice that artery and away begin with an “a”
5
Q
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
A
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
6
Q
- specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
- electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles
A
atrioventricular node (AV node)
7
Q
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
A
atrium
8
Q
- smallest type of blood vessel
- materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
A
capillary
9
Q
gas (waste) released by blood cells transported via veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation
A
carbon dioxide (CO2)
10
Q
- two common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to head, neck, and brain
- the word carotid comes from a greek word meaning stupor because pressure on these arteries produces unconsciousness
A
carotid arteries
11
Q
blood vessels is that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
A
coronary arteries
12
Q
blood that is oxygen-poor
A
deoxygenated blood
13
Q
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
A
diastole
14
Q
- record of the electrical activity of the heart
- the electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
A
electrocardiogram
15
Q
inner lining of the heart
A
endocardium
16
Q
innermost lining of blood vessels
A
endothelium
17
Q
- valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- bicuspid valve
A
mitral valve
18
Q
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
A
murmur
19
Q
muscular middle layer of the heart
A
myocardium
20
Q
heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
A
normal sinus rhythm
21
Q
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
A
oxygen
22
Q
- specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat
- an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning
A
pacemaker (sinoatrial node)
23
Q
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
A
pericardium
24
Q
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
A
pulmonary artery
25
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
pulmonary circulation
26
valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
27
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary vein
28
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
pulse
29
- partition or wall dividing a cavity
- such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
septum
30
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
31
instrument to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
32
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
systemic circulation
33
contraction phase of the heartbeat
systole
34
- located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- it has three leaflets or cusps
tricuspid valve
35
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
valve
36
- thin-walled vessel that carries blood from bloody tissues and lungs back to the heart
- they contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
vein
37
largest vein in the body
the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
vena cava
38
one of two lower chambers of the heart
ventricle
39
small vein
venule
40
abnormal heart rhythms
dysrhythmias
41
problems with the conduction or electrical system of the heart
arrhythmias
42
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular (bundle of His)
bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
43
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
flutter
44
very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
fibrillation
45
common types of heart blocks
Right Bundle Branch Block and Left Bundle Branch Block
46
the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia
atrial fibrillation
47
uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats
palpitations
48
irregular heartbeats occur periodically and episodically
paroxysmal AF
49
irregular heartbeats continue indefinitely
permanent or persistent AF
50
abnormalities in the heart at birth
congenital heart disease
51
narrowing of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
52
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
patent ductus arteriosus
53
small holes in the wall between the atria or ventricles
septal defects
54
congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
tetralogy of Fallot
55
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
congestive heart failure (CHF)
56
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
coronary artery disease (CAB)
57
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
58
high blood pressure affecting the heart
hypertensive heart disease
59
improper closure of the mitral valve
mitral valve prolapse (MVP
60
extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
murmur
61
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
pericarditis
62
heart disease followed by rheumatic heart failure
rheumatic heart disease
63
local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall
dilation
64
blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
65
high blood pressure
hypertension (HTN)
66
blockage of arteries carrying to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
67
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Raynaud disease
68
abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
varicose veins
69
measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood
BNP test
70
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample
lipid tests (liquid profile)
71
chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
cardiac biomarkers
72
lipoproteins (combo of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
lipoprotein electrophoresis
73
x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
angiography
74
three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography
computed tomography angiography
75
sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
doppler ultrasound studies
76
unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
acute coronary syndromes
77
chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia
angina (pectoris)
78
listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope
auscultation
