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Medical Terminology > Ch 11 conditions and vocabulary > Flashcards

Ch 11 conditions and vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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2
Q

lower tip of the heart

A

apex of the heart

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3
Q

small artery

A

arteriole

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4
Q
  • largest type of blood vessel
  • carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
A

artery

notice that artery and away begin with an “a”

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5
Q

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

A

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)

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6
Q
  • specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
  • electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles
A

atrioventricular node (AV node)

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7
Q

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

A

atrium

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8
Q
  • smallest type of blood vessel
  • materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
A

capillary

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9
Q

gas (waste) released by blood cells transported via veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation

A

carbon dioxide (CO2)

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10
Q
  • two common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to head, neck, and brain
  • the word carotid comes from a greek word meaning stupor because pressure on these arteries produces unconsciousness
A

carotid arteries

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11
Q

blood vessels is that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

blood that is oxygen-poor

A

deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

A

diastole

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14
Q
  • record of the electrical activity of the heart
  • the electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
A

electrocardiogram

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15
Q

inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

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16
Q

innermost lining of blood vessels

A

endothelium

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17
Q
  • valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
  • bicuspid valve
A

mitral valve

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18
Q

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

A

murmur

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19
Q

muscular middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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20
Q

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

A

normal sinus rhythm

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21
Q

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

A

oxygen

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22
Q
  • specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat
  • an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning
A

pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

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23
Q

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

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24
Q

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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25
Q

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

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26
Q

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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27
Q

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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28
Q

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

A

pulse

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29
Q
  • partition or wall dividing a cavity
  • such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
A

septum

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30
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

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31
Q

instrument to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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32
Q

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

A

systemic circulation

33
Q

contraction phase of the heartbeat

A

systole

34
Q
  • located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
  • it has three leaflets or cusps
A

tricuspid valve

35
Q

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

A

valve

36
Q
  • thin-walled vessel that carries blood from bloody tissues and lungs back to the heart
  • they contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
A

vein

37
Q

largest vein in the body
the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

A

vena cava

38
Q

one of two lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricle

39
Q

small vein

A

venule

40
Q

abnormal heart rhythms

A

dysrhythmias

41
Q

problems with the conduction or electrical system of the heart

A

arrhythmias

42
Q

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular (bundle of His)

A

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

43
Q

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

A

flutter

44
Q

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

A

fibrillation

45
Q

common types of heart blocks

A

Right Bundle Branch Block and Left Bundle Branch Block

46
Q

the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation

47
Q

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats

A

palpitations

48
Q

irregular heartbeats occur periodically and episodically

A

paroxysmal AF

49
Q

irregular heartbeats continue indefinitely

A

permanent or persistent AF

50
Q

abnormalities in the heart at birth

A

congenital heart disease

51
Q

narrowing of the aorta

A

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

52
Q

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

A

patent ductus arteriosus

53
Q

small holes in the wall between the atria or ventricles

A

septal defects

54
Q

congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

A

tetralogy of Fallot

55
Q

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

56
Q

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

A

coronary artery disease (CAB)

57
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

58
Q

high blood pressure affecting the heart

A

hypertensive heart disease

59
Q

improper closure of the mitral valve

A

mitral valve prolapse (MVP

60
Q

extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

A

murmur

61
Q

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericarditis

62
Q

heart disease followed by rheumatic heart failure

A

rheumatic heart disease

63
Q

local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

A

dilation

64
Q

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

65
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension (HTN)

66
Q

blockage of arteries carrying to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

A

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

67
Q

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

A

Raynaud disease

68
Q

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

A

varicose veins

69
Q

measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood

A

BNP test

70
Q

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

A

lipid tests (liquid profile)

71
Q

chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

A

cardiac biomarkers

72
Q

lipoproteins (combo of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample

A

lipoprotein electrophoresis

73
Q

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

A

angiography

74
Q

three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography

A

computed tomography angiography

75
Q

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

A

doppler ultrasound studies

76
Q

unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries

A

acute coronary syndromes

77
Q

chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia

A

angina (pectoris)

78
Q

listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope

A

auscultation

Medical Terminology (39 decks)

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