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2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

According to the text, which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection
of the humerus?

suspended respiration
full inspiration
full expiration
shallow breathing

A

suspended respiration

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2
Q 
According to the text, which of the following should be in the same plane for a lateral projection of the
elbow?
(1) Wrist joint
(2) Elbow joint
(3) Shoulder joint

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

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3
Q

For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the:

second MCP joint
third MCP joint
fourth MCP joint
third PIP joint

A

third MCP joint

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4
Q

The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the:

trapezoid
trapezium
lunate
scaphoid

A

scaphoid

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5
Q

According to the text, which of the following methods is used when the arm cannot be abducted for the standard AP or lateral projection of the humerus?

Stecher
Lawrence
Norgaard
Gaynor-Hart

A

Lawrence

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6
Q

Rotating the arm medially for a lateral projection of the humerus will place the epicondyles:

at a 30degree angle with the plane of the IR

at a 45degree angle with the plane of the IR

parallel with the plane of the IR

perpendicular with the plane of the IR

A

perpendicular with the plane of the IR

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7
Q

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:

radial head
trochlea
lateral epicondyle
ulnar coronoid process

A

radial head

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8
Q

The central ray for a PA projection of the wrist is directed to the:

radiocarpal joint
scaphoid
midcarpal area
third CMC joint

A

midcarpal area

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9
Q

If a patient is unable to extend the forearm for an AP projection of the elbow, how many projections are necessary to avoid distortion of the joint?

2
3
4
5

A

2

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10
Q

Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following:

placement of the carpal bones farther from the IR

placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR

less pain for the patient when the wrist is broken

greater resolution of the carpal interspaces

A

placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR

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11
Q

For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are:

perpendicular to the IR

parallel to the IR

superimposed over each other

not clearly seen

A

parallel to the IR

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12
Q

The PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method) clearly demonstrates the:

lunate
capitate
scaphoid
distal row of carpal bones

A

scaphoid

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13
Q

For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed:

45 degrees
80 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees

A

90 degrees

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14
Q

The lateral projection of the forearm should clearly demonstrate which of the following?

(1) Elbow joint
(2) Radius and ulna
(3) Proximal row of carpal bones

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

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15
Q

According to the text, when performing a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed:

0 degrees
25 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees

A

90 degrees

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16
Q

The carpal bones articulate with the:

(1) Radius
(2) Ulna
(3) Phalanges

1 only
2 only
3 only
1, 2, and 3

A

1 only

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17
Q

Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the
IR?

lateral
prone
supine
45 degrees oblique

A

supine

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18
Q

The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the:

trapezium
trapezoid
hamate
scaphoid

A

scaphoid

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19
Q

For a PA projection of the second digit, the central ray is directed to the

distal interphalangeal joint

proximal interphalangeal joint

metacarpophalangeal joint

carpometacarpal joint

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

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20
Q

The hand consists of how many bones?

8
14
27
32

A

27

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21
Q

How many phalanges are there in the hand?

14
27
30
32

A

14

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22
Q

How much is the body rotated for a PA oblique projection of the shoulder?

30 degrees
45 degrees
60 degrees
45 to 60 degrees

A

45 to 60 degrees

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23
Q

When the patient is positioned properly for a lateral projection of the scapula, the body of the scapula
will be:

perpendicular to the plane of the IR

parallel with the plane of the IR
at a 30degree

angle to the plane of the IR
at a 60degree

angle to the plane of the IR

A

perpendicular to the plane of the IR

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24
Q

How should the central ray be angled for the AP projection (Pearson method) of the AC joints?

0 degrees
5 degrees cephalad
7 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad

A

0 degrees

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25
Q

Which of the following bones makes up the shoulder girdle?

(1) Humerus
(2) Scapula
(3) Clavicle

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

2 and 3

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26
Q

If the patient places the palm of the hand against the thigh, the humerus will be in:

lateral position
external rotation
internal rotation
neutral position

A

neutral position

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27
Q

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the
shoulder joint?

20 degrees toward the affected side

20 degrees away from the affected side

35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

A

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

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28
Q

In order to elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be:

full inspiration
full expiration
shallow breathing
suspended respiration

A

full inspiration

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29
Q

The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be:

inspiration
expiration
suspended
shallow breathing

A

suspended

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30
Q

Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation?

lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
scapulohumeral joint
acromioclavicular joint

A

greater tubercle

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31
Q

The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the:

glenoid cavity

coracoid process

sternal extremity of the clavicle

acromion process of the scapula

A

acromion process of the scapula

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32
Q

For delineation of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula in the lateral projection, the arm is positioned as follows:

flex the elbow and place the hand on the anterior abdomen

flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax

extend the arm upward and rest the forearm on the head

extend the arm straight down at the side in the anatomical position

A

flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax

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33
Q

When the arm cannot be rotated or abducted due to injury, which of the following can be used to
perform a lateral projection of the shoulder?

Tangential projection, Settegast method

PA axial projection, Holmblad method

Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method

AP projection, Pearson method

A

Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method

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34
Q

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the
humerus should be:

parallel with the plane of the IR

perpendicular with the plane of the IR

45 degrees with the plane of the IR

60 degrees with the plane of the IR

A

45 degrees with the plane of the IR

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35
Q

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation, the epicondyles of the
humerus should be:

perpendicular to the plane of the IR

parallel to the plane of the IR

45 degrees with the plane of the IR

60 degrees with the plane of the IR

A

perpendicular to the plane of the IR

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36
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is:

15 degrees
25 degrees
15 to 25 degrees
15 to 30 degrees

A

15 to 30 degrees

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37
Q 
Which of the following positions of the humerus are commonly used when performing an AP
projection of the shoulder?
(1) External rotation
(2) Neutral rotation
(3) Internal rotation

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

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38
Q

Two exposures are commonly made of the AC joints—one without weights and one with weights. According to the text, how are the weights applied?

affixed to the elbows
affixed to the wrists
held in the hands
held by the fingers

A

affixed to the wrists

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39
Q

PA oblique projection of the shoulder (scapular Y) is performed to evaluate:

carcinoma
fractures
dislocations
soft tissue swelling

A

dislocations

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40
Q

The AP projection of the AC joints places the joints at an increased OID. Which of the following is the
recommended SID to compensate for this distance?

40 inches
48 inches
72 inches
120 inches

A

72 inches

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41
Q

What is the centralray
angle for the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder joint?

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad

A

0 degrees

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42
Q

How is the arm positioned for an AP scapula?

abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed

abducted 90 degrees, forearm extended

adducted, lateral rotation

adducted, medial rotation

A

abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed

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43
Q

How far should the arm be abducted for an inferosuperior projection of the shoulder joint?

15 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees

A

90 degrees

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44
Q

Which of the following structures is projected in lateral profile on a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?

humerus
scapula
clavicle
acromion

A

scapula

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45
Q

Which of the following projections clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity?

AP

PA oblique (scapular Y)

AP oblique (Grashey)

Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

A

AP oblique (Grashey)

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46
Q

The large, rounded, elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal
humerus is the:

greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle

A

greater tubercle

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47
Q

Which of the following projections can be used to demonstrate the clavicle?

(1) AP or PA
(2) AP axial
(3) PA axial

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

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48
Q

In order to demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder, the
epicondyles must be:

in a neutral position
at a 45degree

angle with the plane of the IR

parallel with the plane of the IR

perpendicular with the plane of the IR

A

parallel with the plane of the IR

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49
Q

The Pearson method is an AP projection of the:

shoulder joint
proximal humerus
scapulohumeral joint
acromioclavicular articulation

A

acromioclavicular articulation

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50
Q

The rounded head of the humerus fits into an oval depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula
called the:

neck
acromion
lateral angle
glenoid cavity

A

glenoid cavity

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51
Q

What is the centralray
angulation for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder
joint?

0 degrees
5 degrees
0 to 5 degrees
5 to 10 degrees

A

0 degrees

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52
Q

Which of the following will be directly superimposed over the junction of the Y on the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?

humerus
humeral head
coracoid process
acromion process

A

humeral head

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53
Q

For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter:

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

1 inch inferior to the acromion

2 inches inferior to the coracoid process

2 inches inferior to the acromion

A

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

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54
Q

For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so that the midcoronal
plane is how many degrees from the IR?

25 degrees
45 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
25 to 60 degrees

A

45 to 60 degrees

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55
Q

The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip (DaneliusMiller)
is:

inspiration
expiration
suspended respiration
shallow breathing

A

suspended respiration

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56
Q

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip
(DaneliusMiller)?

1 parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck

2 its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest

3 perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2

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57
Q

How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection of the femoral necks (modified
Cleaves method)?

10 degrees
20 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees

A

45 degrees

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58
Q

What is the recommended collimated field size for an AP hip?

6 × 6 inches (15 × 15 cm)
8 × 10 inches (18 × 24 cm)
10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm)
14 × 17 inches (35 × 43 cm)

A

10 × 12 inches (24 × 30 cm)

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59
Q

Which of the following will be shown “in profile” if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis?

lesser trochanters

greater trochanters

anterior superior iliac spines

anterior inferior iliac spines

A

greater trochanters

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60
Q

The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

45 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees
45 to 60 degrees

A

45 degrees

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61
Q

Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?

Chassard-Lapiné
modified Cleaves
Danelius-Miller
Lauenstein, Hickey

A

Danelius-Miller

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62
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis?

full expiration
full inspiration
suspended respiration
shallow breathing

A

suspended respiration

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63
Q

Which of the following best describes the female pelvis?
1 heavy bones
2 oval inlet
3 wide outlet

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

2 and 3

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64
Q

What is the centralray
angle for an AP projection of the hip?

15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
perpendicular

A

perpendicular

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65
Q

The hip bone is composed of which of the following:
1 ilium
2 pubis
3 ischium

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

66
Q

The longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body is the:

femur
pelvis
skull
humerus

A

femur

67
Q

How many degrees should the feet and lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph?

5 to 10 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
25 to 30 degrees

A

15 to 20 degrees

68
Q

Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip
(DaneliusMiller)?

1 perpendicular to the IR

2 perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck

3 perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2

69
Q

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?

Cleaves
modified Cleaves
Danelius-Miller
Lauenstein, Hickey

A

Lauenstein, Hickey

70
Q

How many degrees is the lower limb and foot rotated internally for an AP hip?

5 degrees
12 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
30 degrees

A

15 to 20 degrees

71
Q

The ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the:

hip joint
pubic symphysis
sacroiliac joint
lumbar-5 and sacral-1 area

A

sacroiliac joint

72
Q

Which of the following rami are a part of the pubis?
1 superior
2 inferior
3 ischial

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2

73
Q

Which of the following IR sizes, and which position, are used for the AP projection of the hip?

10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), crosswise

10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), lengthwise

14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm), lengthwise

14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm), crosswise

A

10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm), lengthwise

74
Q

How far apart should the heels be placed in order to internally rotate the lower limbs for an AP pelvis?

8 inches
10 inches
15 inches
8 to 10 inches

A

8 to 10 inches

75
Q

The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at an approximate angle of:

15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
20 to 25 degrees

A

15 to 20 degrees

76
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP hip?

the midsagittal plane (MSP) at the level of the ASIS

a sagittal plane 2 inches lateral from MSP at the level of the pubic symphysis

2 1/2 inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between ASIS and pubic symphysis

a sagittal plane 3 inches medial to the ASIS

A

2 1/2 inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between ASIS and pubic symphysis

77
Q

How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

0 degrees
10 degrees
12 degrees
15 degrees

A

0 degrees

78
Q

Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point?

acetabulum

ischial spine

anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

A

anterior superior iliac spine

79
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?

midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

at the level of the ASIS

at the level of the pubic symphysis

2 inches below the iliac crest

A

midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

80
Q

Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (DaneliusMiller).

How many degrees of rotation are required?

10 degrees
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees

A

15 to 20 degrees

81
Q

What is the centralray
entrance point for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the
acetabulum?

2 inches superior to the ASIS

2 inches inferior to the ASIS

3 inches superior to the ASIS

3 inches inferior to the ASIS

A

2 inches inferior to the ASIS

82
Q 
How many phalanges are in the foot?
Selected Answer: 14
Answers: 5
7
14
26
A

14

83
Q

Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?

AP

AP oblique, 15 to 20degree internal rotation

AP oblique, 45degree internal rotation

AP oblique, 45degree external rotation

A

AP oblique, 15 to 20degree internal rotation

84
Q

The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot?

head of the second metatarsal

head of the third metatarsal

base of the third metatarsal

base of the fourth metatarsal

A

base of the third metatarsal

85
Q

To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

in dorsiflexion
in plantar flexion
on a 10degree-angle wedge
on a 15degree-angle wedge

A

in dorsiflexion

86
Q

For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

talus
subtalar joint
talofibular joint
ankle joint, midway between the malleoli

A

ankle joint, midway between the malleoli

87
Q

When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie:

directly in the center of the limb

slightly to the medial side

slightly to the lateral side

parallel with the tabletop

A

slightly to the medial side

88
Q

Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the:

popliteal surface

intercondylar eminence

patellar surface

intercondylar fossa

A

intercondylar fossa

89
Q

Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?

1 epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR

2 patella is perpendicular to the IR

3 leg is flexed 20 to 30 degrees

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

90
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

14
26
27
29

A

26

91
Q

What is the position of the femoral epicondyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP
projection?

perpendicular to the IR

parallel to the IR

at a 15to20degree oblique position (laterally)

at a 15to20degree oblique position (medially)

A

parallel to the IR

92
Q

For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the
foot is:

parallel with the central ray

perpendicular to the central ray

70 degrees from the plane of the IR

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

A

90 degrees from the plane of the IR

93
Q

To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?

10 degrees
25 degrees
45 degrees
15 to 20 degrees

A

15 to 20 degrees

94
Q

If the knee is flexed 40 degrees for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (CampCoventry)
projection, the
central ray will be angled:

0 degrees
40 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees

A

40 degrees

95
Q

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?

1/2 inch above the patellar base

1/2 inch above the patellar apex

1/2 inch below the patellar base

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

A

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

96
Q

On which aspect of the foot does the cuboid lie?

lateral
medial
superior
inferior

A

lateral

97
Q

When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR, the ankle is in position for which projection?

AP

AP oblique, 45degree lateral rotation

AP oblique, 45 degree medial rotation

AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise

A

AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise

98
Q

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?

directly over the tibia

behind the tibia

over the anterior half of the tibia

over the posterior half of the tibia

A

over the posterior half of the tibia

99
Q

On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the:

body

anterior border

tibial tuberosity

intercondylar eminence

A

tibial tuberosity

100
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the calcaneus?

1 inch distal to the medial malleolus

2 inches distal to the medial malleolus

1 inch posterior to the medial malleolus

2 inches posterior to the medical malleolus

A

1 inch distal to the medial malleolus

101
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?

1/2 inch above the patellar apex

1 inch above the patellar apex

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

1 inch below the patellar apex

A

1/2 inch below the patellar apex

102
Q

The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?

15 degrees

20 degrees

45 degrees

15 to 20 degrees

A

45 degrees

103
Q

The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the:

posterior surface

caudal surface

dorsal surface

plantar surface

A

plantar surface

104
Q

In order to place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated:

5 to 10 degrees laterally
5 to 10 degrees medially
10 to 15 degrees laterally
10 to 15 degrees medially

A

5 to 10 degrees laterally

105
Q

For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated:

25 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
30 to 40 degrees

A

45 degrees

106
Q

The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the:

tubercles
malleoli
condyles
tibial plateaus

A

tibial plateaus

107
Q

The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the:

tubercles
condyles
malleoli
tuberosities

A

condyles

108
Q

How many tarsal bones are in the foot?

4
5
6
7

A

7

109
Q

Which of the following methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?

1 Holmblad (PA axial)
2 CampCoventry (PA axial)
3 Settegast (tangential)

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

110
Q

For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

navicular
tibiofibular joint
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus

A

medial malleolus

111
Q

What is the centralray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?

25 degrees
30 degrees
35 degrees
40 degrees

A

40 degrees

112
Q

How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?

10 degrees
45 degrees
10 to 20 degrees
20 to 30 degrees

A

20 to 30 degrees

113
Q 
The essential projections of the calcaneus are:
1 axial (plantodorsal)
2 axial (dorsoplantar)
3 lateral (mediolateral)

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 3

114
Q

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

0 degrees

5 to 7 degrees caudad

dependent upon the ASIS to tabletop measure

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

A

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

115
Q

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial
rotation?

distal fibula

tibiotalar articulation

patellofemoral joint space

tibiofibular articulation

A

tibiofibular articulation

116
Q

Which position is the patient placed in for a PA projection of the patella?

supine
prone
lateral
upright

A

prone

117
Q

The area between the two lungs is termed the:

carina
thorax
mediastinum
pleural space

A

mediastinum

118
Q

What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?

prone
supine
upright
decubitus

A

upright

119
Q

Which of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography?

(1) Decreased magnification of the heart
(2) Sharper outlines of the delicate lung structures
(3) Greater penetration of the mediastinum

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2

120
Q

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?

coronal plane
horizontal plane
transverse plane
midsagittal plane

A

midsagittal plane

121
Q

How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?

at the level of the shoulders

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

2 to 3 inches above the shoulders

3 to 4 inches above the shoulders

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

122
Q

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

1 minute
2 minutes
5 minutes
10 minutes

A

5 minutes

123
Q

Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?

placing the backs of the hands low on the hips

rolling the shoulders forward

depressing the shoulders to lie in the same transverse plane

placing the patient in an upright position

A

rolling the shoulders forward

124
Q

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?

low kVp
high kVp
short exposure time
long exposure time

A

high kVp

125
Q

The AP oblique projection, RPO position of the chest corresponds to and essentially produces the same image as the:

AP oblique projection, LPO
PA oblique projection, RAO
PA oblique projection, LAO

A

PA oblique projection, LAO

126
Q

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?

posterior
anterior
to the left
to the right

A

anterior

127
Q

For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally:

the side closer to the IR

the side farther from the IR

A

the side farther from the IR

128
Q

What is the central-ray
angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?

0 degrees

10 degrees caudad

15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA

15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP

A

0 degrees

129
Q

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on?

affected side
unaffected side
either side

A

unaffected side

130
Q

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

in the mediastinum

in the anterior neck

behind the heart

behind the manubrium

A

behind the manubrium

131
Q

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the:

apex
base
hilum
lingula

A

apex

132
Q

How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?

1 inch
2 inches
3 inches
1 1/2 to 2 inches

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches

133
Q

The thoracic viscera consists of the:

(1) Lungs
(2) Mediastinum
(3) Diaphragm

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1 and 2

134
Q

What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?

40 inches
48 inches
72 inches
120 inches

A

72 inches

135
Q

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph?

9
10
11
12

A

10

136
Q

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on?

affected side
unaffected side
either side

A

affected side

137
Q

The respiratory system proper consists of the:

(1) Larynx
(2) Trachea and bronchi
(3) Both lungs

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

138
Q

What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?

full inspiration—first breath
full expiration—first breath
full inspiration—second breath
full expiration—second breath

A

full inspiration—second breath

139
Q

Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on xray
projections done using a decubitus
position?

(1) Entire lung fields
(2) Patient’s arms not visible in the image
(3) Identification to indicate which decubitus

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

1, 2, and 3

140
Q

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed:

bronchitis

bronchotomy

bronchiectasis

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

141
Q

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed:

pneumonias
pneumothorax
pneumomediastinum
pneumopericardium

A

pneumothorax

142
Q

The radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions are:

(1) Oblique
(2) Lateral
(3) AP/PA

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

2 and 3

143
Q

Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed:

branchioma
bronchitis
bronchotomy
bronchiectasis

A

bronchitis

144
Q

Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

less chance of body rotation

patient’s heart is closer to the IR

there is greater magnification of the heart

easier to visualize interlobar fissures

A

patient’s heart is closer to the IR

145
Q

Which of the following are a part of the mediastinum?

(1) Lungs
(2) Heart
(3) Esophagus

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

2 and 3

146
Q

According to the text, where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?

back of the hands on the hips

palm of the hands on the hips

back of the hands on the lateral thighs

palm of the hands on the lateral thighs

A

back of the hands on the hips

147
Q

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right
lung?

2
3
4
5

A

3

148
Q

Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed:

pneumonia

pneumoconiosis

pleural effusion

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

pleural effusion

149
Q

What is the centralray
angle for a PA chest radiograph?

5 degrees caudad
5 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees caudad
perpendicular

A

perpendicular

150
Q

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

lingula

pleura

pleural cavity

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

pleura

151
Q

When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitium and alveoli, the patient is said to have:

pulmonary edema
pneumonia
pleural effusion
pneumothorax

A

pulmonary edema

152
Q

Which of the following would not be included in the mediastinum?

(1) Thymus
(2) Larynx
(3) Diaphragm

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

2 and 3

153
Q

Majority of FB’s in the lungs occur _____. Why?

A

More commonly, the FB is found in the bronchial tree, and most frequently in the right main stem bronchus, which is larger and more in line with the trachea.

154
Q

Where does the exchange of air and carbon dioxide occur?

A

Each lung contains millions of alveoli. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the walls of the alveoli.

155
Q

Where is the coracoid?

Where is the coronoid?

A

Coracoid = shoulder

Coronoid = elbow

156
Q

What makes up the AC joint

A

acromion

+

clavicle

157
Q

What makes up the AC joint

A

acromion

+

clavicle

158
Q

Why is chest upright

A

prevents engorgement of the pulmonary vessels and to allow gravity to depress diaphragm

159
Q

air-fluid levels for chest?

A

must be upright position

recumbent compresses abdominal viscera

160
Q

What is included in the shoulder girdle

A

scapula

+

clavicle

161
Q

Why would an acute abdominal series be ordered

A

to rule out free-air, bowel obstruction, and infection

2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) (12 decks)

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