EXAM #5 (Ch. 10) Flashcards
what separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
what are the three separate chambers of the thoracic cavity?
what separates them?
both pleural cavities
+
pericardial cavities
mediastinum separates them
organs in the respiratory system
pharynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
what is the trachea
16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings in its walls
what is the carina
hooklike process in tachea
where trachea vibrates here
right primary bronchus is ____ ____ ____
shorter wider and more vertical than left
subdivisions of bronchial tree
Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
subdivisions of bronchial tree and direction to alveolar sacs
primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs
what is the inferior portion of the lungs called
base
rests on diaphragm
lower on back and sides than front
what is the medial border of lungs
hilum
right lung is ____ and ____ than left because of the ____
right lung is shorter and broader than left because of the liver
right lung is ____ and ____ than left because of the ____
right lung is shorter and broader than left because of the liver
(moves inferior during inspiration)
(moves superiorly during expiration)
each lung enclosed in a double-walled serous membrane sac called the ____
pleura
which lung has three lobes?
right
aspirated foreign objects most likely to lodge
A. right primary bronchus
B. left primary bronchus
C. carina
D. esophagus
right primary bronchus (shorter and more vertical)
how may lobes does the left lung have?
how many lobes does the right lung have?
left = [2] lobes
right = [3] lobes
what’s the inner layer of pleura called?
what’s the outer layer of pleura called?
inner = visceral pleura
outer = parietal pleura
what is the recommended SID
at least 72 inches
what is atelectasis
fluid in the lung
what does body habitus determine?
shape, position and movement of internal organs
what does the thoracic cavity extend between?
superior thoracic aperture to inferior thoracic aperture
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
[6 items]
heart
respiratory organs
cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
inferior esophagus
thymus glad
according to the book: how long should a patient lie on their side for a left lateral decubitus before the image is taken?
why?
5 minutes
to allow air to rise and liquid to sit
What’s the position of the trachea in relation to the esophagus
anterior
Where is the mediastinum located
between the lungs and is bounded by the sternum anteriorly
What is in the mediastinum
[9 items]
heart
great vessels
trachea
esophagus
thymus
lymphatics
nerves
fibrous tissue
fat
Know where and what Costophrenic angle is
side margins of the lungs
where the lungs can expand to during inspiration
How many divisions are there of the primary bronchus on each side
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
What is the apex of the lung (definition and diagram)
top of the lung
What is the optimum position of a patient for a chest x-ray
upright position
Why is a left lateral done
• Why is it not a right lateral?
places heart closer to IR, resulting in a less magnified heart
What is a pneumothorax
gas or air in the pleural cavity
What exposure technique is required to penetrate the thoracic anatomy
high kilovolt kVp
Why is a 72 inch SID used
minimizes magnification of heart + better recorded detail of lungs
How far above the shoulders should the IR be placed (for PA and lateral)
about 2 inches above relaxed shoulders
According to the book: where are the hands placed for a PA chest x-ray
back of hands low on the hips below costophrenic angle with elbows flexed
What is the optimal respiration phase (for PA and lateral)
take exposure after second inspiration
How many ribs should you see above the diaphragm in a PA chest
10
How many ribs should you see above the diaphragm in a PA chest
10?
If the decubitus is done for free air, which side should patient lie on
lie on unaffected side
What should be demonstrated in the decubitus position
elevate 2-3 inches on affected side
true lateral, no rotation
arms over head
anterior or posterior side of chest on grid
What is bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
What is pleural effusion
collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
What is pulmonary edema
replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli
What is C.O.P.D. (what does it stand for and what is it)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
blocks airflow making it hard to breathe
Know where the aortic arch is
top of the aorta, the arch
Know where the heart is on PA x-ray
patient left, your right
