EXAM #4 (Ch. 16) Flashcards
what are the membranes that line the walls of the abdomen?
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
what do you want to see in an abdominal image (high or moderate contrast)?
moderate contrast
what [5] things will a properly exposed abdominal image show?
sharp outlines of psoas muscles
lower border of liver
kidneys
ribs
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
what do you have to do for an optimal radiograph of the abdomen?
proper collimation
pubic symphysis to upper abdomen
SID
proper alignment
no rotation of patient
soft tissue brightness and contrast
markers
diaphragm without motion
what’s the most commonly performed abdominal exam?
supine AP projection, aka KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
what do you do if a patient cannot stand upright for an AP projection?
lateral recumbent position
left lateral decubitus
what do you do if a patient cannot stand or lie on their side for an image?
R/L lateral projection, dorsal decubitus position
what’s the respiration phase?
suspend at the end of respiration
why is a left lateral decubitus done?
if a patient cannot stand upright for an AP projection
according to the book: how long should a patient lie on their side for a left lateral decubitus before the image is taken?
why?
5 minutes
it allows air to rise and fluid to settle
what is shown: R/L lateral abdominal position?
pre-vertebral space occupied by the:
abdominal aorta
calcifications
tumor masses
what is shown: dorsal decubitus position?
when is it useful?
prevertebral space
useful when determining air-fluid levels in abdomen
what are the organs in the abdominal cavity?
stomach
large + small intestines
liver
gallbladder
spleen
pancreas
kidneys
what are the organs in the pelvic cavity?
rectum
sigmoid of large intestine
bladder
reproductive
what is the membrane that covers the whole abdominopelvic cavity?
what two layers cover the sac which lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
peritoneum
inner = visceral peritoneum
outer = parietal peritoneum
