EXAM #6 Flashcards
How are phalanges numbered?
How many digits in the phalanges?
How are digits names?
1 - 5, laterally to medial (thumb to pinky)
three digits in fingers, two in thumb
distal
Carpals
two rows of four carpals (proximal + distal)
proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
STEVE LEFT THE PARTY
distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
TO TAKE CAROL HOME
Interphalangeal (IP) joints
articulations between the phalanges and identified by location and digit number
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
articulations between the heads of the metacarpals and the proximal
Articulation between the middle and distal phalanges is named
DIP
Which carpal bone is in the proximal row between the scaphoid and the triquetrum
A. trapezium
B. trapezoid
C. capitate
D. lunate
lunate
What is important in patient preparation
removing artifacts from anatomy of interest (watches, rings, bracelets)
secure them for patient’s peace of mind
What IR size is used?
What is the SID?
IR = 10 x 12
SID = 40 inches
PA
digits 2 to 5
1 inch on all sides of digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCP joint
Lateral
digits 2 to 5
PA oblique
digits 2 to 5
PA digits 2 to 5
part extended with palmar surface in center of unmasked portion of IR
long axis of digit aligned parallel
CR perpendicular to IR
enters patient at PIP joint
Lateral digits 2 to 5
Separate digit of interest using cotton swab or tape, and fold other digits into fist
Digit of interest in center of unmasked portion of IR
Long axis of digit parallel with IR
PA oblique digits 2 to 5
Part position:
Extended with palmar surface resting on 45-degree wedge sponge
Digit of interest separated to prevent soft tissue overlap
CR:
Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit
Collimated field size for thumb?
1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint
Where does the CR enter the third digit for the PA projection?
A. third DIP joint
B. third PIP joint
C. third MCP joint
D. base of third metacarpal
B. third PIP joint
Where does collimated field extend proximally for the AP projection of the first digit?
A. head of the first metacarpal
B. base of the proximal phalange
C. 1 inch proximal to the first CMC joint
D. 1 inch proximal to the radiocarpel joints
C. 1 inch proximal to the first CMC joint
Essential projections of the hand
PA
PA oblique
lateral (entended and fan)
Collimation size of the hand
1 inch on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid
Where should you be centered for hand projections?
third MCP joint to unmasked portion of
CR: Perpendicular to third MCP joint
Collimated wrist size
2½ inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on the sides
Which essential projection requires the CR to be centered at the third MCP joint?
A. PA of the third digit
B. PA hand
C. PA wrist
D. PA wrist in ulnar deviation position
B. PA hand
collimated field for the PA projection of the hand extends 1 inch on all sides of the hand including 1 inch proximal to the
A. ulnar styloid
B. radial styloid
C. third MCP joint
D. third CMC joint
B. radial styloid
How far proximal and distal to the wrist joint should the collimated field extend for the PA projection of the wrist
A. 1 inches
B. 2 inches
C. 2.5 inches
D. 3 inches
C. 2.5 inches
General rule for markers?
AP, PA, and obliques: markers lateral
and lateral, markers are medial
If the digit is parallel to the IR you would see…
open joint space in finger
[?] which carpal bone must be seen on the AP projection of the thumb
A. capitate
B. trapezoid
C. scaphoid
D. trapezium
D. trapezium
What are the three joints in the elbow joint proper?
- Proximal radioulnar joint
- Humeroulnar joint
- Humeroradial joint
[?] Lateral bone of the forearm
A. Humerus
B. Radius
C. Ulna
Radius
[?] Which portion of the humerus articulates with radial head?
A. Capitulum
B. Trochlea
C. Olecranon
D. Coronoid
Capitulum
What are the essential projections of the forearm?
- AP
* Lateral
Which of the following require the humeral epicondyles to be positioned parallel with the IR?
AP forearm
AP elbow
[?] Which projection of the elbow demonstrates the olecranon in profile?
- Lateral
- AP
- AP oblique medial rotation
- AP oblique lateral rotation
• Lateral
[?] What structure is in profile on the lateral side of the proximal humerus on the AP projection of the humerus?
- Lesser tubercle
- Greater tubercle
- Medial epicondyle
- Lateral epicondyle
• Greater tubercle
How many bones in the hand?
How many groups?
27 bones
Phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals
What does the trochlea articulate with?
ulna at the trochlear notch
What does the capitulum articulate with?
flattened head of radius
What are the specific projections that show the scaphoid?
Scaphoid series = PA and PA axial projections at 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° cephalad
What do you do if a patient cannot extend their forearm for an AP elbow?
Distal Humerus Partial Flexion Position
What is the breathing technique used for the humorous?
Respiration suspended
Where should the CR be for any projection of the hand?
The one exception?
perpendicular to the third MCP joint
exception = second MCP joint for laterals
What do the carpals articulate with
each other, metacarpals, and radius of forearm
Where should the CR be for any projection of the digits?
The one exception?
digits = perpendicular to PIP
exception = tumb = perpendicular to CMC
Where should the CR be for any wrist projection?
The one exception?
perpendicular to the midcarpal area
exception = lateral which is perpendicular to the wrist joint
Elbow position for:
LATERAL PROJECTION OF:
WRIST
FOREARM
ELBOW
90° wrist
90° forearm
90° elbow
Why do you flex the fingers for a PA wrist?
gets wrist closer to IR
How are the epicondyles for the projections of the elbow and humerus for the following:
AP elbow
lateral elbow
AP humerus
lateral humerus
AP elbow = parallel to IR
lateral elbow = perpendicular to IR
AP humerus = parallel to IR
lateral humerus = perpendicular to IR
What is the Lawrence method?
Shoulder projection shows the relationship between the proximal humerus and the scapula
What do the projections in the forearm demonstrate
elbow joint, radius, ulna, and proximal row of carpals
What parts of the body are in the same plane for projections of the elbow for the following:
AP projection
lateral projection
AP projection = shoulder joint, humerus, elbow joint
lateral projection = humerus and elbow joint
Where should the CR be for a projection of the elbow?
perpendicular to elbow joint
where should the CR be for a projection of the forearm?
perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm
How many phalanges in the hand?
14 phalanges
