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2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) > EXAM #8 > Flashcards

EXAM #8 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the foot?

A

26 bones

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2
Q

How many phalanges in the foot?

A

14 phalanges

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3
Q

How many tarsals in the foot?

A

7 tarsals

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4
Q

How many metatarsals in the foot?

A

5 metatarsals

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5
Q

What are the essential projections of the toes

A
  • Anteroposterior (AP) or AP axial
  • AP oblique
  • Lateral (mediolateral or lateromedial)
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6
Q

What are the essential projections of the foot

A
  • AP or AP axial
  • AP oblique (medial rotation)
  • AP oblique (lateral rotation)
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
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7
Q

What are the essential projections of the calcaneus

A
  • Axial (plantodorsal)

* Lateral (mediolateral)

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8
Q

What are the essential projections of the ankle

A
  • AP
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
  • AP oblique Medial Rotation
  • Ankle
  • Mortise joint
  • AP Oblique Lateral Rotation
  • AP (stress)
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9
Q

What are the essential projections of the intercondylar fossa

A
  • PA Axial (Holmblad method)
  • PA Axial (Camp-Coventry method)
  • AP Axial (Beclere Method)
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10
Q

What are the essential projections of the patella

A
  • PA
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
  • Tangential (Settegast / Sunrise method)
  • Patella and patellofemoral joint
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11
Q

Which 4 projections require dorsiflexion?

A
  • Lateral foot
  • Axial Calcaneus
  • Lateral Ankle
  • AP Oblique Ankles + Mortise
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12
Q

What the essential projections are for toes

A
  • Anteroposterior (AP) or AP axial
  • AP oblique
  • Lateral (mediolateral or lateromedial)
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13
Q

What the essential projections are for foot

A
  • AP or AP axial
  • AP oblique (medial rotation)
  • AP oblique (lateral rotation)
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
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14
Q

What the essential projections are for calcaneus

A
  • Axial (plantodorsal)

* Lateral (mediolateral)

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15
Q

What the essential projections are for ankle

A
  • AP
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
  • AP oblique Medial Rotation
  • Ankle
  • Mortise joint
  • AP Oblique Lateral Rotation
  • AP (stress)
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16
Q

What the essential projections are for intercondylar fossa

A
  • PA Axial (Holmblad method)
  • PA Axial (Camp-Coventry method)
  • AP Axial (Beclere Method)
17
Q

What the essential projections are for patella

A
  • PA
  • Lateral (mediolateral)
  • Tangential (Settegast / Sunrise method)
  • Patella and patellofemoral joint
18
Q

What is the degree of rotation of the leg/foot for the following?

  • AP Oblique Toes = ?
  • AP Oblique Ankles = ?
  • AP Oblique Mortise = ?
  • AP Oblique Foot Medial/Lateral Rotation = ?
A
  • AP Oblique Toes = 30-45°
  • AP Oblique Ankles = 45°
  • AP Oblique Mortise = 15-20° medial
  • AP Oblique Foot Medial/Lateral Rotation = plantar surface 30° from IR
19
Q

Where are the femoral epicondyles for the following projections?

  • Lateral knee = ?
  • Lateral lower leg = ?
  • AP knee = ?
A
  • Lateral knee = Femoral epicondyles perpendicular to IR
  • Lateral lower leg = Femoral condyles perpendicular to IR
  • AP knee = Femoral epicondyles parallel with IR
20
Q

Where is the patella for the following?

  • AP knee = ?
  • Oblique knee = ?
A
  • AP knee = Patella completely superimposed on the femur
  • Oblique knee = Margin of the patella projected slightly beyond the edge of the lateral/medial femoral condyle (respectively)
21
Q

How much should the knee be flexed?

  • Lateral Patella = ?
  • Lateral Knee = ?
A
  • Lateral Patella = Knee flexed 5° to 10°

* Lateral Knee = Knee flexed 20° to 30°

22
Q

CR angles for the following projections?

  • AP Axial Toes = ?
  • AP Axial Foot = ?
  • Lateral Knee = ?
  • Axial (Plantodorsal) Calcaneus = ?
  • PA Axial Camp-Coventry ICF = ?
  • Tangential Patella (Settegast) ICF = ?
A
  • AP Axial Toes = 15° posteriorly
  • AP Axial Foot = 10° toward heel – including axial weight-bearing
  • Lateral Knee = 5-7° cephalic
  • Axial (Plantodorsal) Calcaneus = 40° cephalic
  • PA Axial Camp-Coventry ICF = 40° cephalic
  • Tangential Patella (Settegast) ICF = 15° to 20° cephalic
23
Q

Body part angles for the following projections?

  • AP Oblique Ankle Medial/Lateral Rotation = ?
  • AP Oblique Mortise joint = ?
  • PA Patella = ?
  • Lateral Patella = ?
A
  • AP Oblique Ankle Medial/Lateral Rotation = Leg and foot rotated medially 45°
  • AP Oblique Mortise joint = Leg and foot rotated medially 15° to 20°
  • PA Patella = 5° to 10° lateral rotation of heel
  • Lateral Patella = knee flexed 5° to 10°
24
Q

Body part angles for the following projections?

  • PA Axial Holmblad = ?
  • PA Axial Camp-Coventry = ?
  • Lateral Knee = ?
  • Oblique knee = ?
A
  • PA Axial Holmblad = knee flexed 70° from full extension
  • PA Axial Camp-Coventry = knee flexed 40° or 50°
  • Lateral Knee = Knee flexed 20° to 30°
  • Oblique knee = limb rotated 45°
25
Q

What joint spaces are shown in the following projections?

  • Ankle obliques = ?
  • Knee obliques = ?
A
  • Ankle obliques = Tibiofibular articulation open

* Knee obliques = Open knee joint

26
Q

What needs to be done to place the patella parallel for PA projection?

A

5° to 10° lateral rotation of heel to place the patella parallel for PA projection

27
Q

Where does the CR go for the following projections?

  • AP/AP axial/oblique toes = ?
  • Lateral great toe = ?
  • Lateral toes = ?
  • AP/oblique foot = ?
A
  • AP/AP axial/oblique toes = Enters at third MTP joint
  • Lateral great toe = Perpendicular to MTP of great toe
  • Lateral toes = Perpendicular to PIP of affected toe
  • AP/oblique foot = Perpendicular to base of third metatarsal
28
Q

Where does the CR go for the following projections?

  • AP axial foot = ?
  • Lateral foot = ?
  • Axial calcaneus = ?
  • Lateral calcaneus = ?
A
  • AP axial foot = Angled 10° toward heel to the base of the third metatarsal
  • Lateral foot = Perpendicular to base of metatarsals
  • Axial calcaneus = Enters plantar surface at base of third metatarsal @ 40° cephalic
  • Lateral calcaneus = Perpendicular to calcaneus, 1 inch distal to medial malleolus at sub-talar joint
29
Q

Where does the CR go for the following projections?

  • AP/oblique/Mortise ankle = ?
  • Lateral ankle = ?
  • AP/lateral lower leg = ?
  • AP/oblique knee = ?
A
  • AP/oblique/Mortise ankle = Perpendicular through ankle to midway between the malleoli
  • Lateral ankle = Enters medial malleolus
  • AP/lateral lower leg = Perpendicular to center of leg
  • AP/oblique knee = Enters 1/2 inch below patellar apex
30
Q

Where does the CR go for the following projections?

  • Lateral knee = ?
  • PA axial (Holmblad) = ?
  • PA axial (Camp-Coventry) = ?
  • AP axial (Beclere Method) = ?
A
  • Lateral knee = Enters knee joint 1 inch distal to medial femoral epicondyle @ 5-7° cephalic
  • PA axial (Holmblad) = Perpendicular to the tibia-fibula
  • PA axial (Camp-Coventry) = Angle depends on amount of knee flexion — 40 degrees caudad when knee flexed 40 degrees
  • AP axial (Beclere Method) = entering the knee joint 1/2 inch below the patellar apex
31
Q

Where does the CR go for the following projections?

  • PA patella = ?
  • Lateral patella = ?
  • Tangential patella (Settegast) = ?
A
  • PA patella = Perpendicular to midpopliteal area, exiting patella
  • Lateral patella = Enters knee at midpatellofemoral joint
  • Tangential patella (Settegast) = Perpendicular to joint space when joint is perpendicular to IR. CR angle required when space is not perpendicular to IR. Angle depends on amount of knee flexion. Typical angle: 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) (12 decks)

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