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2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) > EXAM #7 > Flashcards

EXAM #7 Flashcards

1
Q

[**] What constitutes the shoulder girdle

A

clavicle + scapula

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2
Q

What does the shoulder girdle articulate with?

A 
Head of humerus (shoulder joint)
Manubrium of sternum (sternoclavicular [SC] joint)
Each other (acromioclavicular [AC] joint)
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3
Q

What makes the shoulder joint capable of all mortions

A

Ball-and-socket type, capable of all motions

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4
Q

The clavicle is classified as a _____ bone

The curve of the clavicle is more pronounced in men/women

A

The clavicle is classified as a LONG bone

The curve of the clavicle is more pronounced in MEN

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5
Q

The scapula is classified as a _____ bone

_____ in shape

Two surfaces of scapula?

Three borders?

Three angles?

A

The scapula is classified as a FLAT bone

Triangular in shape

Two surfaces:
Costal (anterior)
Dorsal (posterior)

Three borders:
Lateral
Medial
Superior

Three angles:
Superior
Inferior
Lateral

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6
Q

What is the lateral, thickened end of the scapular spine called?

A. Acromion
B. Coracoid process
C. Coronoid process
D. Glenoid process

A

A. Acromion

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7
Q

Where is the scapular notch located

A. Medial border
B. Lateral border
C. Inferior border
D. Superior border

A

D. Superior border

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8
Q

What IR size will we use?
• AC joint?

Collimation size?

SID size?

A

10”x12” IR
• AC joint = bilateral 14”x17”

Collimation = size of IR

SID = 40”

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9
Q

Transthoracic lateral projection may use breathing technique
Low mA with long exposure time

Method? (WIP)

A

Transthoracic lateral projection may use breathing technique

Low mA with long exposure time

Blurs out heart and ribs, all you will see is the humerus

Lawrence method (WIP)

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10
Q

Essential projections of the shoulder?

A

AP projections:
Internal rotation*
External rotation*
Neutral position*

AP oblique (Grashey method)*

Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method)

Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence method)

PA oblique (scapular Y)*

(see p. 182)

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11
Q

CR for projection in internal rotation

A

Perpendicular

Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process

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12
Q

CR for projection in external rotation

A

Perpendicular

Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process

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13
Q

CR for projection in neutral position

A

Perpendicular

Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process

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14
Q

CR for AP oblique (Grashey)

A

Perpendicular to glenoid cavity

Enters 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to superolateral border of shoulder

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15
Q

[*] When is the transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method) used?

A

Projection used for trauma patients who cannot rotate or abduct arm

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16
Q

CR for transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method)

A

Perpendicular

Enters midcoronal plane at surgical neck

If shoulders are in same plane, CR angled 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

17
Q

CR for inferosuperior axial projection

A

Horizontal

Medial angulation of 15 to 30 degrees

Enters axilla; passes through AC joint

Angle depends on abduction of humerus
More abduction = greater angle

(p. 194)

18
Q

Purpose of PA oblique (scapular Y)

A

Position is particularly useful to diagnose shoulder dislocations

19
Q

CR for PA oblique (scapular Y)

A

Perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint

20
Q

Why are two exposures made for AP AC joints (Pearson)?

A

One without patient’s arms weighted

One with weights affixed to patient’s arms

21
Q

CR for AP AC joints (Pearson)

A

Perpendicular to midline of body at level of AC joints if bilateral image

Perpendicular to AC joints if separate images required

22
Q

Essential Projections: Clavicle

What is preferred? AP or PA?

A

AP OR PA

AP axial OR PA axial

(PA projections preferred because of reduced OID and improved image quality. AP projections used on recumbent patients.)

23
Q

CR for AP clavicle

A

Perpendicular to midshaft of clavicle

24
Q

CR for AP axial clavicle

A

Lordotic position – 0 to 15 degrees cephalic

Supine position – 15 to 30 degrees cephalic

Amount of angle varies with patient thickness
• Thinner patients = more angle

Enters midshaft of clavicle

25
Q

Essential Projections: Scapula

A

AP + lateral

26
Q

CR for AP scapula

A

Perpendicular to point 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to coracoid process

27
Q

The AP scapula is also referred to as the _____ position

A

The AP scapula is also referred to as the hi/hello position

28
Q

CR for lateral scapula

A

Perpendicular to mid-medial border of scapula

29
Q

If AP shoulder: external rotation position, what can you see?

A

The greater tubercle is lateral (profiled)

30
Q

If AP shoulder: neutral position, what can you see?

A

The greater tubercle is medial

31
Q

If AP shoulder: internal rotation position, what can you see?

A

The lesser tubercle is medial (profiled)

32
Q

How can you tell if AP clavicle instead of axial clavicle

A

clavicle is under first rib in AP clavicle

2016FA POSITIONING (D. Demichele) (12 decks)

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