EXAM #7 Flashcards
[**] What constitutes the shoulder girdle
clavicle + scapula
What does the shoulder girdle articulate with?
Head of humerus (shoulder joint) Manubrium of sternum (sternoclavicular [SC] joint) Each other (acromioclavicular [AC] joint)
What makes the shoulder joint capable of all mortions
Ball-and-socket type, capable of all motions
The clavicle is classified as a _____ bone
The curve of the clavicle is more pronounced in men/women
The clavicle is classified as a LONG bone
The curve of the clavicle is more pronounced in MEN
The scapula is classified as a _____ bone
_____ in shape
Two surfaces of scapula?
Three borders?
Three angles?
The scapula is classified as a FLAT bone
Triangular in shape
Two surfaces:
Costal (anterior)
Dorsal (posterior)
Three borders:
Lateral
Medial
Superior
Three angles:
Superior
Inferior
Lateral
What is the lateral, thickened end of the scapular spine called?
A. Acromion
B. Coracoid process
C. Coronoid process
D. Glenoid process
A. Acromion
Where is the scapular notch located
A. Medial border
B. Lateral border
C. Inferior border
D. Superior border
D. Superior border
What IR size will we use?
• AC joint?
Collimation size?
SID size?
10”x12” IR
• AC joint = bilateral 14”x17”
Collimation = size of IR
SID = 40”
Transthoracic lateral projection may use breathing technique
Low mA with long exposure time
Method? (WIP)
Transthoracic lateral projection may use breathing technique
Low mA with long exposure time
Blurs out heart and ribs, all you will see is the humerus
Lawrence method (WIP)
Essential projections of the shoulder?
AP projections:
Internal rotation*
External rotation*
Neutral position*
AP oblique (Grashey method)*
Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method)
Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence method)
PA oblique (scapular Y)*
(see p. 182)
CR for projection in internal rotation
Perpendicular
Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
CR for projection in external rotation
Perpendicular
Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
CR for projection in neutral position
Perpendicular
Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
CR for AP oblique (Grashey)
Perpendicular to glenoid cavity
Enters 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to superolateral border of shoulder
[*] When is the transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method) used?
Projection used for trauma patients who cannot rotate or abduct arm
CR for transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method)
Perpendicular
Enters midcoronal plane at surgical neck
If shoulders are in same plane, CR angled 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
CR for inferosuperior axial projection
Horizontal
Medial angulation of 15 to 30 degrees
Enters axilla; passes through AC joint
Angle depends on abduction of humerus
More abduction = greater angle
(p. 194)
Purpose of PA oblique (scapular Y)
Position is particularly useful to diagnose shoulder dislocations
CR for PA oblique (scapular Y)
Perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint
Why are two exposures made for AP AC joints (Pearson)?
One without patient’s arms weighted
One with weights affixed to patient’s arms
CR for AP AC joints (Pearson)
Perpendicular to midline of body at level of AC joints if bilateral image
Perpendicular to AC joints if separate images required
Essential Projections: Clavicle
What is preferred? AP or PA?
AP OR PA
AP axial OR PA axial
(PA projections preferred because of reduced OID and improved image quality. AP projections used on recumbent patients.)
CR for AP clavicle
Perpendicular to midshaft of clavicle
CR for AP axial clavicle
Lordotic position – 0 to 15 degrees cephalic
Supine position – 15 to 30 degrees cephalic
Amount of angle varies with patient thickness
• Thinner patients = more angle
Enters midshaft of clavicle
Essential Projections: Scapula
AP + lateral
CR for AP scapula
Perpendicular to point 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to coracoid process
The AP scapula is also referred to as the _____ position
The AP scapula is also referred to as the hi/hello position
CR for lateral scapula
Perpendicular to mid-medial border of scapula
If AP shoulder: external rotation position, what can you see?
The greater tubercle is lateral (profiled)
If AP shoulder: neutral position, what can you see?
The greater tubercle is medial
If AP shoulder: internal rotation position, what can you see?
The lesser tubercle is medial (profiled)
How can you tell if AP clavicle instead of axial clavicle
clavicle is under first rib in AP clavicle
