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Microbiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Important initial step in identification. Can be used to determine size, shape and staining characteristics
-gram stain to differentiate

A

Microscopic morphology

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2
Q

Diplococci can be diagnostic of

  • gram negative
  • catalase positive
A

Neisseria sp.

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3
Q

Chains of cocci can be diagnostic of

  • gram positive
  • catalase negative
A

Streptococcus sp.

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4
Q

Who is more likely to be CATALASE POSITIVE

A

Obligate Aerobe

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5
Q

produces red pigment

A

Serratia marcescens

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6
Q

+ or - for Sorbitol utilization

A

Ralsronia solanacerarum

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7
Q

Most tests rely on pH indicators. Allow for series of test with single inoculation
-probabilistic indicators

A

Biochemical tests

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8
Q

Rely on specific interaction between antibodies and antigens
-for rapid detection of numerous organisms
ELISA-enzyme linkes immunosorbant assay

A

Serology

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9
Q

Relatedness of an organism can be determined by similarity of nucleotide sequenced
-measures sequence homology

A

DNA hybridization

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10
Q

expressed in in G:C content

A

DNA base ratio

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11
Q

Identifies organisms based on antibiotic susceptibility

-disc

A

Antibiograms

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12
Q 
Gram negative (low GC%)
Gram positive (high GC%)
A

Firmicutes-Clostridium, Streptococcus

Actinobacteria

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13
Q

Proteobacteria. Grouped in Alpha to epsilon

-spirochetes, bacteriodetes, plantomycetes, chlamydiae

A

gram negative

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14
Q

oxidise reduced chemicals to produce energy

  • use alternate terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen ex/ carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds
  • ususally members of the domain Archaea
A

Anaerobic Chemolithotrophs

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15
Q

A anerobic chemilithotroph, Members of domain Archae

  • commonly found in sewage, swamps marine sedements and digestive tract of mammels
  • HIGHLY SENSITIVE TO OXYGEN
A

Methanogens

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16
Q

Sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria use sulfer as terminal electron acceptors

  • responsible for rotten egg smell
  • generally found in mud rich organic matter and sulfur
  • ex/ Desulfovibrio
A

Anaerobic respiration

Phylum: Delta Proteobacteria

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17
Q

Members of genus Clostridium- gram pos rods-low GC

  • produce endospores
  • common inhabitants of soice
A

Fermentation

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18
Q

lactic acid bacteria are gram positive organisms that produce lactic acid as an end produce of fermentation

  • includes streptococcus, enterococcus, lactococcus, lactobacillus, leuconostoc
  • most grow in aerobic environments but are obligate fermenters
A

Fermentation

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19
Q

produce propionic acid as end product of fermentation

  • essential to production of swiss cheese; also acne
  • can extract residual energy from waste product of other organisms
A

Propionibacterium

Actinobacteria

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20
Q

Anoxygenic Phototrophs

  • gram negative organisms
  • prefer hydrogen sulfife to generate reducing power
  • MOST are strict anaerobes and phototrophs
A

Purple sulfur bacteria

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21
Q

Anoxygenic Phototroph

  • found in variety of aquatic habitats
  • moist soil,bogs and paddy fiels
  • PREFER TO USE H2S in production of reducing power THIS DEISTIGUISHES THEM
  • can grow aerobically in the presence of light
A

Purple non-sulfur bacteria (alpha and beta)

Rhodobacter

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22
Q

Anoxygenic Phototroph

  • gram negative organism, found in habitats similar to purple sulfur bacteris
  • use hydrogen sulfide as a souce of electron
  • ALL ARE STRICT ANAEROBES AND STRICTLY PHOTROPHIC
A

Green sulfur bacteria

Bacteriodetes

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23
Q

use water as a souce of electrons

  • cyanobacteria thought to be earliest organism of group
  • harvest sunlight to produce organic compounds through conversion of carbon dioxide
  • able to convert nitrogen gas to ammonia
A

Oxygenic Phototrophs

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24
Q

includes sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifiers, and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria

A

Aerobic Chemolithotrophs

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25
Q 
Mycobacterim
Pseudomonas
Nocardia
Thermus 
Deinococcus
A

Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs

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26
Q

gram positive
acid fast
Actinobacteria

A

Mycobacterium

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27
Q

gram negative rods
motile and often pigmentes
common opportunistic pathnogen
Protobacteria Gamma

A

Pseudomonas

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28
Q

gram positive rod
the “other” acid fast organism
Actinobacteria

A

Nocardia

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29
Q

Both have scientific and commercial uses
-produces Taq polymerase
-used to clean up radioactive contamination
Deincoccus Thermus

A

Thermus sp. and Deinococcus sp.

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30
Q

preferentially use aerobic respiration

  • Corynebacterium
  • inhabit soil, water and surface of plants
  • Enterobacteriacea-coliforms
A

Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs

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31
Q

Methanogens: Produce CH4 and H2O: Methospirillium can be harvested and used for heating and generating electricity

A

Anaerobic Chemoorganotrpohs

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32
Q

gram negative sulfur reducing bacteria that has curved rod morphology

A

Desulfovibro sp.

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33
Q

anaerobic chemoorganotroph

A

Desulfovibro

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34
Q

need a carbon source but efficiently use alternative electron acceptors for energy production

A

Anaerobic Chemoorganotroph

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35
Q

production of by products of fermentation will ass to increased diversity in chemical environment and will also be efficient scavengers

A

Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs: Fermenters

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36
Q

is a gram positive spore former that cause botulism, tetanus and gangrene

A

Clostridium sp.

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37
Q

is a gram positive does not form spores but does have a characteristic chain morphology and is a lactic acid bacteria

A

Streptococcus sp.

38
Q

Anerobic Fermenters

A

Clostridium and Streptococcus

39
Q

will not produce oxygen but will harvest energy from the sun or from new environment

A

Anoxygenic Phototrophs

40
Q

chromatium and Thiospirillum are both members of a metabolic classification named for their color and the fact that they accumulate intracellular grannules of sulfur

A

purple sulfur bacteria

41
Q

Anocygenic Phototrophs

A

Purple sulfur bacteria ex/ chromatium thiosiprllium

42
Q

this group includes Rhodobacter, they are Gram negatice organisms that use sulfur compound as electron acceptors but DO NOT accumulate intracellular grannlues of sulfur

A

purple non-sulfur bacteria

43
Q

Provide oxygen and organic carbon molecules and fix nitrogen ex/ Anabaena, Synechococcus

A

Oxygenic Phototrophs

44
Q

survive the oxygen produced get energy from sulfur rich compounds some solubilize essesntial metals for further growth of organisms! Others provide more nitrogen fixation
ex/ Acidothiobacillus and Nitromonas, Nitrobacter

A

Aerobic Chemolithotrophs

45
Q

Class of incredibly diverse organisms that thrive with member and species able to fully populate almost all environmental niches
ex/ Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Deinococcus

A

Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs

46
Q

Methanogens: Methanospirillium sp

A

Anaerobic Chemolithotrophs

47
Q

Sulfur reducing bacteria ex/ Desulfovibrio sp.

A

Anaerobic Chemoorganotroph

48
Q

Clostridium and Streptococcus

A

Anaerobic fermenters

49
Q

purple sulfur ex/ Chromatium and Thiospirillim and non sulfur bacteria ex/ Rhodobacter

A

Anocygenic Phototrophs

50
Q

anabaena, Synechococcus

A

Oxygenic Phototrophs

51
Q

Acidohiobacillus and Nitromonas, Nitrobacter

A

Aerobic Chemolithotrophs

52
Q

Micrococccis, Psuedomonas, Deinococcus

A

Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs

53
Q

examples of unusual organisms that are resistant to extreme environemtns

A

dienococcus radiodurans

54
Q

bacteria form chains encased in tube which enables them o make an “artifically favored habitat what are examples

A

Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix

55
Q

prey on other organisms

A

Bdellovibrio

56
Q

establish relationships with oter animals for food and protection

A

Bioluminescent bacteria

57
Q

live inside protected confines of protozoa

A

Legionella

58
Q

move via axial filaments in corkscrew motion

A

spitochetes

59
Q

form volutin granules to store phosphate

60
Q

found in high salt environments

-Halobacterim, Halorubrum, Natronobacterum and Natronococcus

A

extreme halophiles

61
Q

found in regions ofvolcanic and thermal vents as well as sulfurous fissures and hot springs

A

extreme thermophiles

62
Q

grow at temperatures as high as 97 C

A

Methanothermus

63
Q

grows beterrn 90 and 113 C

A

Pyrolobus fumarii

64
Q

grow only above 50 C

-also require pH between 1 and 6

A

Sulfolobus

65
Q

grow at extremely high temperature and low pH

-two groups: Thermoplasma and Picrophilus

A

Thermophilic extreme acidophiles

66
Q

grow optimally at pH of 2

A

Thermoplasma

67
Q

Optimal growth below pH 1

A

Picrophils

68
Q

significant component of the skin flora

A

Staphylococcal sp

69
Q

transmites person to person without arthropod vector

70
Q

Rickettsia, Orientia and Ehrlicia are

A

intracellular paracites, usuallu tics or lice

71
Q

host defences that include barriers, sensor moleules and phagocytic cells
ex/ Macrophages eat foreign particles, complement system to destroy microbes

A

Innate Immunity

72
Q

Protection develops/ matures throughout life: mediated by B-cells and T cells ex/ long term memory

A

Adaptive Immunity

73
Q

organisms that can cause disease in otherwise healthy people

A

pathnogens

74
Q

microbes that cause disease when the bodys defences are down

A

opportnistic pathnogens

75
Q

quantitative term refering to pathogen’s disease causing ability

A

virulent- organisms more likley to cause disease

76
Q

causes diarrhea

77
Q

causes coughing

A

bordetella pertusis

78
Q

often major cause of damage to infected host

-so fatal damage can occur before adequate immune response mounted

79
Q

cause damage to nervous sytem

-major symptom is paralysis

A

Neurotoxins

80
Q

damage to the intestins and tissues of digestive tracts

-major symtoms is vomiting and diarrhea

A

enerotoxins

81
Q

damage to a variety of cells

-by lysis

A

cytotoxins

82
Q

potent membrane damaging toxins

A

Phosphoipases

83
Q

LPS of a Gram-negative cell wall is an

-RESPONSIBLE FOR SEPTIC SHOCK

A

endotoxin

-heat stable

84
Q

PTG and other cell wall components can elicit symptoms similar to those seen with

A

endotoxic shock

85
Q

mechanism used to overcome immune response termed

A

mechanisms of pathogenicity

86
Q

production of toxins that are ingested

-foodborne toxin

A

clostridium and staphylococcus

87
Q

invasion of host tissue

A

streptococcus pyogenes

88
Q

penetrate barriers and multiples in tissues

A

mycobacterium tuberculosus and Yersina pestis

89
Q

organisms multiply in high numbers on host surface then produced toxin that interfered wih cell function

A

E.coli and Virbrio cholerae

90
Q

Numerous genera that inhabit sole can form RESTING STAGES that enable

A

survival in dry periods

-ex/ endospores, cytsts, fruiting bodies, and mycelium

91
Q

Have rigid stalk on mother cell that produces from the cell the end is called

Microbiology (24 decks)

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