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Microbiology > final exam 2 > Flashcards

final exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

staphylococcus, streptococcus, bacillus, enterococcus, and clostridium are

A

gram +

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2
Q

gram positive disease is mostly from secreted

A

toxins

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3
Q

low amt of guanine-cytosine nucleotide base pairs versus adenin thymine nucleotide pairs

A

low G and C bacteria

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4
Q

high amount of guanine cytosine nucleotide base pairs versus adenine-thymine nucleotide base pairs

A

high g and c bacteria

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5
Q

prefer to grow in environments with oxygen for aerobic respiration but can grow and survive in environments without oxygen

A

facultative anaerobe

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6
Q

lack flagella

A

non-motile

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7
Q

which of staph is the most virulent strain

A

staph aureus

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8
Q

normal microbiotoa of the human skin but can cause opportunistic infections in very rare cases

A

staph epidermidis

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9
Q

what agar is used to identify between staph

A

MSA

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10
Q

which staph ferments mannitol

A

aureus and changes it to yellow

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11
Q

when is infection resulted in for stpah

A

when it breaches skin or mucous membrane to reach blood

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12
Q

extracellular enzymes of staph

A

cell-free coagulase, staphylokinase, hyaluronidase, lipases, and b-lactamase

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13
Q

reacts with prothrombin causing the inactive fibrinogen to convert to the active fibrin

A

cell free coagulase

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14
Q

dissolves fibrin causing blood clots to breakdown or dissolve

A

staphylokinase

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15
Q

this enzyme allows bacteria to pass between cells in the epidermis by breaking hyaluronic acid

A

hyaluronidase

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16
Q

breaks down lipids and oil for energy on the skin allowing staphylococci to grow on surface of skin and in cutaneous oil glands

A

lipases

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17
Q

gives antibiotic resistance as this enzyme breaks open and destroys beta lactam ring found in all beta lactam antibiotics such as penecillin

A

b-lactamase

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18
Q

binds to antibodies blocking the location where phagocytes grab onto the antibodies during phagocytosis

A

protein A

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19
Q

inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis

A

slime layer

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20
Q

binds and weakens or destroys the plasma membrane

A

cytolytic toxin

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21
Q

specifically find to and destroy all leukocytes

A

leukocidin toxin

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22
Q

breakdown desmosomes causing skin cells to separate and slough off

A

exfoliative toxins

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23
Q

stimulate intestinal contraction nausea and intestine vomitting

A

enterotoxins

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24
Q

study of incidience, distribution and control of disease

A

epidemiology

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25
Q

which staph is found everywhere on human skin

A

staph epidermidis

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26
Q

which staph is only found on moist skin folds

A

staph aureus

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27
Q

staph grows in

A

UR, GI and urogenital tracts

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28
Q

how is staph transmitted

A

direct contact or fomites

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29
Q

you only need the toxin from the pathogen in your body to get the disease

A

noninvasive disease

30
Q

blistering and peeling of the skin due to exfoliative toxins

A

scalded skin

31
Q

formation of red sores that eject fluid and leave and amber colored scab, infectious and contagious

A

impetigo

32
Q

impetigo and scalded skin are

A

cutaneous diseases

33
Q

example of non invasive disease

A

food poisoning

34
Q

diseases that are spread throughout the body

A

systemic disease

35
Q

presence and spreading of the bacteria in the blood

A

bacteremia

36
Q

the bacteria attack and damage the lining of the heart which causes the amount of blood pumped by heart to drop rapidly

A

endocarditis

37
Q

inflammation of the lungs

A

pnuemonia

38
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

39
Q

what are commonly used to treat staph

A

semisynthetic penicillin-methicillin or vancomyocin for those that do not respond

40
Q

partially break down and green

A

alpha

41
Q

completely breaks down clear

A

beta

42
Q

no breakdown

A

gamma

43
Q

characteristics of group a strep

A

white colonies, beta hemolysis, capsules

44
Q

what represents the vast majority of group a

A

s. pyogenes

45
Q

interferes with opsonization and digestion of bacteria by lysozome

A

m protein

46
Q

act as camoflauge preventing detection by leukocytes

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

47
Q

m protein and capsule are what features

A

antiphagocytic structures

48
Q

kinases specifically produced by strep that break down blood clots allowing their rapid spread through infected and damaged tissue

A

streptokinases

49
Q

unwind and destroys DNA released by dead cells in infection sites. reduces firmness of puss allowing for quick spread of the bacteria

A

deoxyribonucleases

50
Q

a class of proteins that breakdown red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

A

streptolysins

51
Q

group a strep infects the

A

pharynx or skin

52
Q

group a strep often causes disease when

A

normal microbiota is depleted

53
Q

how does group a strep spread

A

through respiratory droplets

54
Q

inflammation of the pharynx, most infections start this way and limited to this region of the body, when spread is can cause rheumatic and scarlet fever

A

streptococcal pharyngitis

55
Q

this typically develops from untreated streptococcal pharyngitits, characterized by inflammation that damages heart valves and muscle

A

rheumatic fever

56
Q

develops from untreated or secondary to streptococcal pharyngitis, characterized by rash on chest that spreads throughout body

A

scarlet fever

57
Q

trigger rash and cause tounge to appear strawberry red

A

pyrogenics

58
Q

characterized by bacterial infection in fascia

A

necrotizing fasciitis

59
Q

sheet of connective tissue, primarily composed of collagen that rests beneath the skin

A

fascia

60
Q

what is effective in group a strep treatment

A

peniccilin

61
Q

what does rapid strep test look for

A

group a specific antigens

62
Q

what represents majority of group b strep

A

strep agalctiae

63
Q

can distinguish group B from group A by

A

group specific antigens, smaller zones of beta hemolysis, and resistant to bacitracin

64
Q

group b strep typically infects

A

newborns

65
Q

group b strep colonizes in

A

gi, urogenital tracts

66
Q

diseases in adults usually follow

A

wound infections and childbirth

67
Q

swelling in membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

68
Q

test used to identify group B step

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

69
Q

group b strep treated with

A

penicillin or ampicillin

70
Q
A

Microbiology (13 decks)

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