chapter 9 Flashcards
use of heat to kill pathogens that cause spoilage of food products without causing damage to the product itself
pasteurization
the removal and destruction of all microbes in or on an object which include viruses and endospores
sterilization
procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens
aseptic
removal of microbes by mechanical means
degerming
agents that inhibit the growth of a microorganism
static
agents that kill a microorganism
cidal
kills bacteria
bactericide
prevents bacteria from reproducing
bacteriostatic
an antimicrobial used to kill microorganisms on non living surfaces or inanimate objects, more concentrated
disinfectant
an antimicrobial used to kill microorganisms on skin or body tissues
antiseptic
remove microbes from a public space to health standards set by the government, level can differ based on location
sanitization
a chemical that kills or suppresses growth of microbes
antimicrobial agent
four ways antimicrobial agents work
- alter cell wall
- alter cell membrane
- damage proteins
- damage to nucleic acids
how can antimicrobial agent alter cell wall
place in a hypotonic solution, water is higher outside the cell wall, it will cause water to flow into bacteria cell and it will burst
function of cell membrane
controls passage of chemicals entering and exiting the cell
what happens if we damage cell membrane
vital chemicals will leak out of the cell which results in immediate death within seconds
how do proteins function
the act as enzymes in metabolism and structural components of organelles and cells
what does protein function depend on
3D shape
DNA and mRNA are involved in
gene expression
what makes the ideal antimicrobial agent
- inexpensive
- fast acting
- long shelf life for storage
- selectively kills microbes while harmless to humans and environment
list microbes from most resistant (hardest to kill) to most susceptible
prions
bacterial endospores
mycobacteria
cysts of protozoa
active-stage protozoa
most gram - bacteria
fungi
nonenveloped viruses
most gram + bacteria
enveloped bacteria
have the ability to transfer their folding to other variants of that protein, they cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can be transmitted, indestructible
prion
surrounded by a lipid membrane but makes them easier to destroy through sterilization
enveloped viruses
what virus lacks a lipid membrane
noneveveloped viruses
If the temperature is too high what will happen
it will degrade or breakdown the chemical disinfectants or antiseptics
how do chemical disinfectants work best
they work poor in cold environments as chemicals move and react slower
the work well in warm environments as chemicals move and react faster at high temps
a chemical agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms
germicide
germicides used on invasive medical equipment needed on implants, catheters, lung machines
high-level
germicides that kill fungal spores, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria but not endospores, come in contact with the mucous membrane
intermediate-level
