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Microbiology > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the bodys ability to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens and their products

A

adaptive immunity

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2
Q

an adaptive immune response that acts against one particular pathogen or molecular shape on pathogen

A

specificity

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3
Q

the specific pathogen causes or induces immune response it is off until turned on

A

inducibility

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4
Q

once induced cells of an adaptive immune response proliferate to form many identical cells

A

clonality

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5
Q

the adapative immune response will not attack host cells

A

unresponsiveness to self

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6
Q

immunological memory for specific pathogen

A

memory

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7
Q

adaptive response involves

A

b and t lymphocytes

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8
Q

in the red bone marrow and are a stem cell that gives rise to all types of blood cells

A

hematopoiteic cells

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9
Q

arise and mature in red bone marrow

A

b lymphocytes

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10
Q

arise in red bone marrow mature in the thymus

A

t lymphocytes

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11
Q

an immune response controlled and carried out by t cells

A

cell-mediated response

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12
Q

used against intracellular pathogens, a virus inside of a cell

A

t cells

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13
Q

an immune response controlled and carried out by b cells

A

antibody or humoral immune response

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14
Q

used against extracellular pathogens and toxins

A

b cells

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15
Q

a protective protein secreted by descendants of b cell that recognizes and strongly binds to a unique part or biochemical on a pthogen called an antigen

A

antibody

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16
Q

lymphatic vessels with lymph and lymphatic organs

A

lymphatic system

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17
Q

a colorless fluid similar in composition to blood plasma, leaks out of blood vessels into surrounding intercellular space

A

lymph

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18
Q

contain b and t lymphocytes that screen fluid for pathogens

A

lymph nodes

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19
Q

contains a web of passages where lymphocytes mount specific attacks against pathogens

A

inner medulla

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20
Q

b cells replicate in an

A

outer cortex

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21
Q

lymph leaves at what and arrives at what

A

leaves at efferent, arrives at afferent

22
Q

filters blood to remove old and damged red blood cells and contain lymphocytes to eliminate pathogens

A

spleen

23
Q

filters air entering respiratory tract, lack inbound and outbound vessels, they survey microbes that enter mouth and nasal passage

A

tonsils

24
Q

line regions in the boyd that contain a mucous membrane and trap and eliminate pathogens, filters sea of mucous moving across the mucous membrane

A

MALTs

25
Q

antigens contain 3d regions called what that dictate the adaptive immune response

A

epitope

26
Q

structers on the outside of surface of microbes like cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili. toxins or extracellular enzymes

A

exogenous antigens

27
Q

pathogens that reproduce inside a bodys cells. our lymphocytes only detect these antigens if our cells incorporate or add them to their plasma membrane during the infection

A

endogenous antigens

28
Q

molecules that are produced by our own cells, in autoimmune disorders our immune system believes they are foreign even though they are not

A

autoantigens

29
Q

found in MALTS, lymph nodes, tonsils, and the spleen, secrete antibodies

A

b lymphocyte

30
Q

b cell receptors are also known as

A

immunoglobulins

31
Q

which region binds to the epitope

A

variable region

32
Q

when b cells are activated they are called

A

plasma cell

33
Q

binds to a critical part of toxin preventing it from damaging the cell

A

neutrilization

34
Q

stimulates and aids in phagocytosis, the antibodies act like handles that allow phagocytes to adhere or grab onto

A

opsonization

35
Q

damages pathogens and can completely eliminate them, these antibodies steal electrons from biochemicals and cell structures in the pathogen.

A

oxidation

36
Q

each antibody has two binding sites and bind two pathogens at once

A

agglutination

37
Q

natural killer lymphocytes bind to antibodies creating a hole in the cell membrane and release and enzyme that trigger cell death

A

antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

38
Q

the first antibody produces in adaptive immune response - triggers inflammation and also can agglutinate or neutralize a pathogen

A

igM

39
Q

what is it called when a cell switches to produce other classes of antibodies

A

class switching

40
Q

antibody that is the most common and longest lasting antibody and has the most functions, triggers ADCC, neutralize and opsonize a pathogen, moves through blood the easiest and fastest, blocks access to our blood

A

IgG

41
Q

ciculates in our blood and it can agglutinate or neutralize pathogens

A

IgA

42
Q

involved in a response to parasites and allergens, trigger mast cells and basophils to release inflammatory chemicals

A

IgE

43
Q

act against intracellular pathogens and body cells that produce abnormal antigens

A

t lymphocytes

44
Q

most common t lymphocyte, directly kills viral infected cells

A

cytotoxic t lymphocyte

45
Q

creates pore in cell membrane of pathogen

A

perforin

46
Q

enzyme that triggers apoptosis or cells death

A

granzyme

47
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

48
Q

help regulate the activity of b cells and cytotoxic t cells

A

helper t lymphocyte

49
Q

assist t cells regulate innate immunity

A

type 1

50
Q

function in conjugation with b cells, secrete interleukin 4

A

type 2

51
Q

act to slow down and completely turn off the adaptive immune response

A

regulatory t lymphocytes

52
Q
A

Microbiology (13 decks)

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