Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Four processes necessary for life

A

growth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

must be able to increase in size

A

growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

must be able to increase in number

A

reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alone, one parent

A

asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gametes/sex cells fuse

A

sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the ability to respond and change to environmental stimuli and conditions

A

responsivness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

obtain nutrients from the outside environment and convert them to energy

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules which releases energy

A

catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

synthesizing larger molecules from smaller molecules which requires energy

A

anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prokaryotic cells lack a

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prokaryotic cells lack organelles with

A

phospholipid membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how large are prokaryotic cells

A

1.0 micrometer (tiny)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prokaryotic are simple or complex

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prokaryotic cells are found in only

A

bacteria and archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prokaryotic cells are multicellular or unicellular

A

ONLY ever unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eukaryotic cells have a

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eukaryotic cells have

A

membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eukaryotic cells are larger or smaller

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eukaryotic cells are simple or complex

A

complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are eukaryotic cells found in

A

algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are eukaryotic cells uni or multicellular

A

BOTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell

A

glycocalyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do glycocalyces do

A

protect the cell from drying out, aids in causing disease, sticks to surfaces, resists host immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

two types of glycocalyces

A

capsule and slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

thickened and hard glycocalyx

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does a capsule do

A

acts as a camouflage, hides the bacteria from the hosts immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

watery loosely attached glyocalyx

A

slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does the slime layer do

A

traps nutrients, allows bacteria to attach to host cells and environmental surfaces, allows bacteria to stick together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

long, filament like structure that extend beyond the cell surface to provide the bacteria cell the ability to move

A

flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

three parts of flagella

A

filament, hook, basal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hollow tube that extends into the environment and is made of flagellin protein

A

filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

which is the longest part of the flagella

A

the filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

curved shaft that connects the filament to the basal body

A

hook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

passes through the cell wall anchoring the filament and the hook to the cell membrane

A

basal body

35
Q

basal body is composed of what

A

rod and protein rings

36
Q

one flagella on only one side

A

monotrichous

37
Q

having a single flagellum on each of two opposite sides

A

amphitrichous

38
Q

multiple flagella that are attached at one end/point

A

lophotrichous

39
Q

having flagella all over or covering the entire surface

A

peritrichous

40
Q

function of flagella

A

rotates clockwise or counterclockwise to propel bacterium through environment

41
Q

movement in a single direction for some time due to counterclockwise rotation

A

run

42
Q

abrupt, random change in a single direction due to a clockwise rotation of the flagella

A

tumble

43
Q

sticky rod like projections, shorter than flagella

A

fimbriae

44
Q

purpose of fimbriae

A

used to adhere to one another and to substances in environment

45
Q

fimbriae can attach to or form a sticky substance called

A

biofilm

46
Q

special type of fimbriae

A

pilli

47
Q

what is pilli also called

A

conjugation pilli

48
Q

purpose of pilli

A

allow bacteria to transfer DNA from one cell to another in a process called conjugation (can transfer resistance)

49
Q

provides strength and maintains the cell’s shape, protects the cell from water pressure

A

cells wall

50
Q

most bacteria cell walls are composed of

A

peptidoglycan

51
Q

what two types of sugars is peptidoglycan composed of

A

NAG and NAM

52
Q

chains of peptidogylcan are held together by

A

tetrapeptide cross bridges

53
Q

tetrapeptide cross bridges always and only attach to which molecules

A

NAM

54
Q

gram positive cell walls

A

-contain thick layer of peptidoglycan

  • contain techoic acid

-contain lipoteichoic acid

-stain appears purple

55
Q

add stability to the cell wall by keeping the peptidoglycan chains tightly packed

A

teichoic acid

56
Q

bind and anchor the peptidoglycan to the cell membrane

A

lipoteichoic acid

57
Q

gram negative cell walls

A
  • thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • contain outer membrane on top of the peptidoglycan which contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides

-gram stain appears pink

58
Q

when gram negative cells die the cell wall breaks down releasing

A

lipid A

59
Q

Lipid A can trigger

A

vasodilation, inflammation, shock and blood clotting

60
Q

a lipid connected to a polysaccharide sugar

A

lipopolysaccharides

61
Q

space between the outer membrane and cell membrane which contains water, nutrients, and digestive enzymes

A

periplasmic space

62
Q

the plasma membrane in bacteria is a

A

phospholipid bilayer

63
Q

what does the cell membrane have

A

integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and glycoproteins

64
Q

most integral proteins are

A

transmembrane (transport proteins)

65
Q

allow water soluble molecules or ions through the membrane

A

channel

66
Q

bind a chemical and allow its passage through the membrane

A

carrier protein

67
Q

these proteins attach to protein filaments that are apart of the cytoskeleton and support the plasma membrane, and are on the surface of one side of the membrane, and are involved in chemical reactions functioning as enzymes

A

peripheral proteins

68
Q

Function of cell membrane

A
  1. convert light energy into ATP
  2. selectively permeable
  3. brings in nutrients and remove waste
  4. contain proteins that use energy to move chemical into or out of the cells against a concentration gradient
69
Q

what does the inside of the bacteria cell contain

A

cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoid, inclusions, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

70
Q

gelatinous material inside the cell

A

cytoplasm

71
Q

liquid portion of the cytoplasm that is mostly water

A

cytosol

72
Q

region in the cytoplasm that contains DNA organized into one circular chromosome

A

nucleoid

73
Q

reserve deposits of biochemicals such as lipids, starches, minerals

A

inclusions

74
Q

made up of both RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

75
Q

a network of protein filaments that play a role in forming cells basic shape

A

cytoskeleton

76
Q

active, happy, living form of bacteria

A

vegetative cells

77
Q

dormant, hardy form of bacteria

A

endospore

78
Q

endospore protects bacteria against

A

unfavorable and harsh environmental conditions

79
Q

How does a vegetative cell turn into endospore

A
  1. DNA is copied
  2. cytoplasmic membrane surrounds copied DNA (two membranes)
  3. cortex forms
  4. spore forms around the cortex
80
Q

how do ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ

A

ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes ribosomes freely float

FUNCTION IS THE SAME

81
Q

function to produce ATP through aerobic respiration

A

mitochondria

82
Q

convert light energy into ATP through photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

83
Q

why do mitochondria and chloroplasts look like bacteria or prokaryotic cells

A
  1. both are the only organelles to have a circular molecule of DNA
  2. both have 70s ribosomes
84
Q

features of archea that differ from bacteria

A
  1. flagella filaments are not hollow whereas bacteria filaments are
  2. have a special fimbriae called hamus that has three prickles resembling a grappling hook and provides enhanced attachment
  3. cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan but other variety of polysaccharides and proteins

Microbiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions