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Microbiology > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

increase in population size

A

bacteria growth

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2
Q

microbial growth

A

reproduction

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3
Q

thousands of genetically identical cells that ascended from a single parent cell

A

colony

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4
Q

chemicals that are needed for energy or to make biochemicals and cellular structures

A

nutrients

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5
Q

two groups of organisms based on the source of carbon

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs

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6
Q

an organism that makes biochemicals with carbon it obtains from inoganic sources such as carbon dioxide and bicarbonate

A

autotrophs

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7
Q

an organism that catabolizes proteins, carbs, and fatty acids from other organisms. It uses the carbon it gains from breaking down these biochemicals to make new ones

A

heterotrophs

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8
Q

two groups of organisms based on source of energy

A

chemotrophs and phototrophs

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9
Q

organisms that break bonds in biochemicals such as glucose to break down energy

A

chemotrophs

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10
Q

organisms that use sunlight as their energy source

A

phototrophs

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11
Q

microbes breakdown sugars into chemical energy in the presence of oxygen

A

aerobic respiration

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12
Q

microbes that use aerobic respiration and need oxygen present to produce energy

A

aerobes

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13
Q

do not use aerobic repspiration or need oxygen to produce energy

A

anaerobe

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14
Q

an organism that needs oxygen to produce ATP from respiration

A

obligate aerobe

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15
Q

an organism that produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. they will die if oxygen is present

A

obligate anaerobe

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16
Q

they can do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. They prefer aerobic but will switch if needed

A

facultative anaerobe

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17
Q

do not use aerobic respiration but have enzymes to detoxify oxygens toxic forms

A

aerotlerant anaerobe

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18
Q

aerobes that require oxygen at low levels, 2-10% abd gave very limited ability to detoxify toxic forms of oxygen

A

microaerophiles

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19
Q

require 3-10% carbon dioxide and low oxygen

A

capnophiles

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20
Q

culture as a verb

A

act of growing bacteria

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21
Q

culture as a noun

A

microorganisms gowing in a nutrient broth or on solid media

22
Q

on species of bacteria

A

pure culture

23
Q

two or more species of bacteria

A

mixed culture

24
Q

add bacteria to a nutrient broth or solid agar

A

inoculate

25
Q

what is used to grow bacteria cells quicly

A

liquid broth

26
Q

liquid broth that contains growing bacteria appears

A

cloudy or turbid

27
Q

a polysaccharide that is gelatinous at room temp and obtained from species of red seaweed

A

agar

28
Q

used to grow bacteria for storage or to perform biochemical tests

A

agar slant

29
Q

used to grow bacteria as individual colonies or for antibiotic susceptibility tests

A

agar plates

30
Q

a colony growing on an agar plate that contains thousands of bacteria cells that arose from a single parent cell are called

A

colony forming unit

31
Q

too many cells on agar plate

A

lawn

32
Q

used to transfer bacteria from one media type or culture to a new one while avoiding cross contamination

A

aseptic technique

33
Q

each sequential streak has less cells or is more dilute. goal is to obtain individual colonies

A

streak culutre

34
Q

initial liquid culture is diltue several times through serial dilution. Each successive dilution has less cells. these are then poured and spread on an agar plate

A

pouring plate

35
Q

the exact chemical composition is known and the exact amounts of all chemicals in media are known

A

pure media

36
Q

generally know what chemicals are in this media type bit exact amounts in media are unknown

A

complex media

37
Q

contains specific ingredients that inhibit growth of some species and promoting growth of another

A

selective media

38
Q

what two ingredients allow gram negative bacteria to grow but kill gram positive

A

bile salts and crystal violet

39
Q

media that contains ingredients that will either change the color of the media or the color of the microbe growing on it if they are used

A

differential media

40
Q

slab culture or liquid cultures where the levels of oxygen differ or chambers with the complete absence of oxygen

A

anaerobic media

41
Q

used to specifically to transport from point A to B

A

transport media

42
Q

what preserves cultures for days to months

A

refrigeration

43
Q

what preserves cultures for years

A

deep-freezing

44
Q

what preserves cultures for decades

A

lyophilization

45
Q

the time required for bacterial cells to grow and divide

A

generation time

46
Q

what is generation time dependent on

A

chemical and physical condition

47
Q

characterized by cellular activity but not microbial growth, population size does not increase

A

lag phase

48
Q

bacteria cells are dividing by cell division and doubling in numbers after each generation time, metabolic activity is high, metabolic wastes are low

A

log phase

49
Q

number of dividing cells equals the number of dying cells, no population growth

A

stationary

50
Q

number of dying cells is higher than the number of actively dividing cells

A

death phase

51
Q

in which phase are cells dividing

A

all but the lag phase

Microbiology (13 decks)

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