chapter 6 Flashcards
increase in population size
bacteria growth
microbial growth
reproduction
thousands of genetically identical cells that ascended from a single parent cell
colony
chemicals that are needed for energy or to make biochemicals and cellular structures
nutrients
two groups of organisms based on the source of carbon
autotrophs and heterotrophs
an organism that makes biochemicals with carbon it obtains from inoganic sources such as carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
autotrophs
an organism that catabolizes proteins, carbs, and fatty acids from other organisms. It uses the carbon it gains from breaking down these biochemicals to make new ones
heterotrophs
two groups of organisms based on source of energy
chemotrophs and phototrophs
organisms that break bonds in biochemicals such as glucose to break down energy
chemotrophs
organisms that use sunlight as their energy source
phototrophs
microbes breakdown sugars into chemical energy in the presence of oxygen
aerobic respiration
microbes that use aerobic respiration and need oxygen present to produce energy
aerobes
do not use aerobic repspiration or need oxygen to produce energy
anaerobe
an organism that needs oxygen to produce ATP from respiration
obligate aerobe
an organism that produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. they will die if oxygen is present
obligate anaerobe
they can do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. They prefer aerobic but will switch if needed
facultative anaerobe
do not use aerobic respiration but have enzymes to detoxify oxygens toxic forms
aerotlerant anaerobe
aerobes that require oxygen at low levels, 2-10% abd gave very limited ability to detoxify toxic forms of oxygen
microaerophiles
require 3-10% carbon dioxide and low oxygen
capnophiles
culture as a verb
act of growing bacteria
culture as a noun
microorganisms gowing in a nutrient broth or on solid media
on species of bacteria
pure culture
two or more species of bacteria
mixed culture
add bacteria to a nutrient broth or solid agar
inoculate
what is used to grow bacteria cells quicly
liquid broth
liquid broth that contains growing bacteria appears
cloudy or turbid
a polysaccharide that is gelatinous at room temp and obtained from species of red seaweed
agar
used to grow bacteria for storage or to perform biochemical tests
agar slant
used to grow bacteria as individual colonies or for antibiotic susceptibility tests
agar plates
a colony growing on an agar plate that contains thousands of bacteria cells that arose from a single parent cell are called
colony forming unit
too many cells on agar plate
lawn
used to transfer bacteria from one media type or culture to a new one while avoiding cross contamination
aseptic technique
each sequential streak has less cells or is more dilute. goal is to obtain individual colonies
streak culutre
initial liquid culture is diltue several times through serial dilution. Each successive dilution has less cells. these are then poured and spread on an agar plate
pouring plate
the exact chemical composition is known and the exact amounts of all chemicals in media are known
pure media
generally know what chemicals are in this media type bit exact amounts in media are unknown
complex media
contains specific ingredients that inhibit growth of some species and promoting growth of another
selective media
what two ingredients allow gram negative bacteria to grow but kill gram positive
bile salts and crystal violet
media that contains ingredients that will either change the color of the media or the color of the microbe growing on it if they are used
differential media
slab culture or liquid cultures where the levels of oxygen differ or chambers with the complete absence of oxygen
anaerobic media
used to specifically to transport from point A to B
transport media
what preserves cultures for days to months
refrigeration
what preserves cultures for years
deep-freezing
what preserves cultures for decades
lyophilization
the time required for bacterial cells to grow and divide
generation time
what is generation time dependent on
chemical and physical condition
characterized by cellular activity but not microbial growth, population size does not increase
lag phase
bacteria cells are dividing by cell division and doubling in numbers after each generation time, metabolic activity is high, metabolic wastes are low
log phase
number of dividing cells equals the number of dying cells, no population growth
stationary
number of dying cells is higher than the number of actively dividing cells
death phase
in which phase are cells dividing
all but the lag phase
