Final: Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is internal validity?
Validity is focused on determining if study findings are accurate
(IV –> DV) the independent variable can be interpreted as being responsible for the effects on the DV.
What are the threats to design validity in internal validity?
participant selection
participant attrition
history
maturation
what is external validity?
validity is concerned with the extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study
what are the threats to design validity in external validity?
participant selection (people)
setting (place)
history (time)
what are the types of design validity?
internal and external
involves examining a group of subjects simultaneously in various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to describe changes in a phenomenon across stages.
cross sectional design
involves collecting data from the same subjects at different points in time and might also be referred to as repeated measures.
longitudinal design
what is an example of identifying designs used in nursing studies?
a researcher administers a written test to evaluate knowledge of insulin admin and glucose monitoring to a group of subjects at annual intervals over the next decade.
How would you describe a research design?
Blueprint or Detailed plan for conducting a study. Purpose, review of literature, and framework provide the basis for the design
What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
The design uses large #’s of subjects to test a treatment’s effect and compare results with a control group who did not receive the treatment.
The subjects come from a reference population.
Randomization of subjects is essential
Usually, multiple geographic locations are used
What are the elements of a strong design?
Controlling environment: selection of study setting
Controlling equivalence of subjects and groups
Controlling Tx
Controlling measurement
Controlling extraneous variables
Which type of study is considered strongest for testing the effectiveness of an intervention?
RCT
What are study groups?
Groups in comparative descriptive studies
Control Group
Comparison Group (Standard care or Usual care)
Equivalent vs. non-equivalent groups
What is typical Descriptive Design?
Most commonly used design
Examines characteristics of a single sample
Identifies phenomenon, variables, and conceptual and operational definitions and describes definitions.
What is Manipulation?
Implementation of a TX or intervention
The IV is controlled
Must be careful to avoid intro of bias into the study
Usually done only in quasi-experimental and experimental designs
