Final: Chapter 10

Question 1

What are the levels of measurement?

Answer 1

Nominal (named variables)
Ordinal (named + ordered variables)
Interval (named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables)
Ratio (named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables + can accommodate absolute zero)

Question 2

What is Nominal level measurement?

Answer 2

Lowest of the 4 levels of measurement
Categories that are not more or less but are different from one another in some way
Mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories
Named categories

Question 3

What is Ordinal level measurement?

Answer 3

Order/ranking imposed on categories
Numbers must preserve order: (1= tallest, 2 = next tallest, 3 = 3rd tallest)
Ordinal ranking is common in nursing (ex: levels of pain, mobility, dyspnea, and self-care)
Distance between rankings may differ.

Question 4

What is Interval level measurement?

Answer 4

Numerical distances between = intervals
Absence of a zero point
Likert scale scores
Ex: temperature

Question 5

What are the likert scale scores?

Answer 5

1 = strongly disagree
2 = disagree
3 = neutral
4 = agree
5 = strongly agree

Question 6

What is Ratio level measurement?

Answer 6

Highest for measurement
Continuum of values
Absolute zero point
Ex: weight, length, volume

Question 7

Concrete things, such as O2 saturation, temp, BP, wight, demographic variables.

Answer 7

Direct measurement

Question 8

Indicator of concepts
Abstract concepts such as pain, depression, coping, self-care, and self esteem, anxiety level, feelings.

Answer 8

Indirect measurement

Question 9

What are types of scales?

Answer 9

Rating scales
Likert Scale (Common)
Visual analog scales

Question 10

What is measurement error?

Answer 10

difference between the true measure and what is actually measured

Question 11

the variation in measurement is in the same direction

Answer 11

systematic error

Question 12

the difference is without pattern

Answer 12

random error

Question 13

what are examples of measurement error?

Answer 13

A paper and pencil rating scale designed to measure hope may actually also be measuring perceived support.

When measuring subjects’ weight, a scale that shows weights that are 2 pounds over the true weights.

The person completing a paper and pencil scale may accidentally mark the wrong column.

The person entering the data into a computer may punch the wrong key.

Question 14

What is sensitivity?

Answer 14

probability of disease = a/(a+c) x 100 = true POSITIVE rate

Question 15

What is specificity?

Answer 15

probability of no disease = d/ (b+d) x 100 = true NEGATIVE rate

Question 16

what is PPV?

Answer 16

% of true Positive among all who test Positive
= a/ (a+b) x 100%

Question 17

What is NPV?

Answer 17

% of true Negatives among all who test Negative
= d/ (c+d) x 100%

Question 18

Concerned with how consistently the measurement technique measures the concept of interest

Answer 18

Reliability

Question 19

If reliability is expressed as a ________ ___________ (r), 1.00 is perfect reliability, whereas 0.00 is no reliability.

Answer 19

correlation coefficient

Question 20

The lowest acceptable coefficient for a well-developed measurement tool is ___________.

Answer 20

0.80