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EBP > Ch. 9 Exam 2 ?'s > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Exam 2 ?'s Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of appropriate sampling in research is to

A

accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population

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2
Q

A researcher wishes to evaluate the management of chemotherapy side effects in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Children with ALL in this study are an example of which
of the following?

A

target population

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3
Q

A researcher wishes to conduct a survey of attitudes about illness among young adults with cystic fibrosis. The researcher contacts a nearby regional medical cystic fibrosis clinic, where 250 young adults who have cystic fibrosis are seen. A group of 50 young adults are selected to complete the survey. These 50 people are the

A

sample population

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4
Q

A researcher wishes to conduct a study to determine the effects of an intervention on high school students. In this study, high school students represent the

A

target population

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5
Q

A researcher wishes to study the effects of a nursing intervention on children with cancer and obtains a sample of school-age children hospitalized for cancer treatment in a local hospital. This sample represents the

A

accessible population

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6
Q

In a study of patients who have dementia, a researcher wishes to examine the effects of moderate exercise on patients’ abilities to perform self-care. The researcher decides to use subjects between 70 and 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with dementia for less than 1 year. A patient who is 65 years old meets

A

exclusion criteria.

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7
Q

The benefit to using a sample that utilizes narrow sampling criteria is that there is increased

A

control of extraneous variables

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8
Q

A researcher uses a sample whose members have characteristics like those of the population from which it is drawn. This is an example of a

A

representative sample

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9
Q

A researcher begins a study with 250 subjects, and 50 subjects drop out before the study is concluded. The researcher will declare 20% as the sample

A

attrition rate

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10
Q

A pilot study reveals a wide variation in measurement values among subjects with an overall mean value that is higher than among the general population. By increasing the sample size in a subsequent study, the researcher expects to

A

decrease the variation of scores among subjects

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11
Q

To decrease the probability of systematic variation in a study to evaluate the effects of a teaching program on disease management, the researcher will use which sampling process?

A

random sampling

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12
Q

A researcher wishes to identify all school-age children who have type 2 diabetes mellitus in a local community to develop a sampling methodology for a study of this population. Which might serve as a barrier to obtaining this information?

A

health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA)

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13
Q

A researcher enters a list of subjects from a sampling frame into a computer and the computer randomly assigns subjects to control or treatment groups. This is an example of

A

simple random sampling.

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14
Q

A researcher who wishes to study the effects of a prenatal breastfeeding education program on the length of time African-American inner-city women breastfeed infants learns that 70% of women in the target population are unmarried. To achieve stratified random sampling in a sample of 50 subjects, the researcher will

A

select a random sample of 35 unmarried and 15 married subjects.

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15
Q

When using stratified random sampling, the researcher can

A

use a smaller sample size.

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16
Q

When conducting a study in which it is not possible to determine the true number of subjects who meet eligibility criteria and obtaining a random sample would be time consuming and expensive, the researcher will use which sampling method?

A

cluster sampling

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17
Q

A researcher plans to utilize a systematic random sampling method from a population of 5000 eligible subjects, using a sample of 200 subjects. Beginning at a randomly selected point on the list of subjects, what is the gap between elements?

A

25

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18
Q

A researcher conducts a pilot study using a convenience sample of children with seizure disorders. A reviewer of this study’s manuscript may conclude that the findings of this study

A

should be replicated using a wider population

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19
Q

Which statement is true about systematic sampling?

A

it provides a random chance for inclusion as a subject

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20
Q

Which of these sampling techniques is least likely to produce findings that are generalizable to a larger population?

A

convenience

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21
Q

A nurse conducts a study to examine the effects of a new intervention on FEV1 levels in patients with COPD and uses all patients admitted to a hospital during a 2-month period. This is an example of which type of sampling method?

A

convenience

22
Q

A researcher wishes to examine whether a teaching program for parents increases adherence to a drug regimen among children with seizure disorders. A convenience sample of children in a large teaching hospital is proposed. To prevent confounding of the results by socioeconomic status and type of health insurance, the researcher will utilize which additional sampling technique?

A

Quota

23
Q

Prior to initiating a research study, a researcher conducts a power analysis to determine the sample size necessary for a power level of 0.8 and an alpha of 0.05. The researcher will

A

increase the sample size to avoid a type II error

24
Q

A researcher tests a measurement tool in a pilot study and notes a wide variance in scores. To improve the significance of the study’s findings in subsequent studies, the researcher will

A

increase the sample size

25
Q

Which statement is true about effect size?

A

The effect size is the extent to which the null or statistical hypothesis is false.

26
Q

A researcher will conduct a qualitative study about partners of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases. This researcher will use which sampling technique to achieve the best representation of this population?

A

network sampling

27
Q

The type of non-probability design that is most likely to yield a representative sample is

A

quota sampling

28
Q

A researcher conducts a survey of patients seen in an inner-city ambulatory clinic to determine barriers to receiving health care. The target population includes African-American, Hispanic, and Somali immigrant patients, as well as a variety of foreign-born students from a nearby university. The researcher chooses subjects from the African-American, Hispanic, and Somali immigrant populations to participate. This is which type of sampling?

A

purposive

29
Q

A researcher conducting a qualitative study knows that saturation of information has occurred when

A

additional sampling reveals redundant information.

30
Q

During the data collection phase of a qualitative study, the researcher notes previously un-theorized links among concepts. The researcher will continue to collect data until

A

verification of information occurs.

31
Q

In a qualitative study, a sample may be too small if

A

the depth of information is low.

32
Q

A researcher begins with a registry of all patients with HIV in the United States. The researcher uses a computer to generate a random sample from the list, and then those individuals agree to participate in a study. What kind of sample has been created?

A

Simple random

33
Q

During a study about nurses’ ability to teach lifestyle changes in patients with coronary artery disease, the researcher discovers that many nurses have negative attitudes about obesity. The researcher develops a survey to examine these attitudes. This is an example of

A

intraproject sampling.

34
Q

In a study investigating type 2 diabetic patients’ ability to make lifestyle changes, the researcher randomly selects a sample from a list of all patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the United States. The researcher also selects the sample by randomly selecting patients diagnosed for 3 years or longer and those who are newly diagnosed. What sampling technique is used in this study?

A

stratified random

35
Q

To decrease the time needed to achieve saturation in information in a qualitative study, the researcher will

A

narrow the study’s scope.

36
Q

Which type of setting is most commonly used in qualitative research?

A

natural

37
Q

A nurse researcher compares the outcomes of administration of a bronchodilator either via nebulizer or by metered-dose inhaler and collects data on subjects in a pediatric inpatient hospital unit. This is an example of which type of setting?

A

Partially controlled

38
Q

which setting is the most highly controlled setting?

A

a research sleep lab

39
Q

The goal of sampling theory is to

A

determine the best way to achieve representative samples.

40
Q

Which type of research study tends to require a larger sample size than the others?

A

descriptive study

41
Q

In qualitative research, the sampling plan is developed to

A

increase the representativeness of the findings related to the phenomena

42
Q

Which is a type of probability sampling?

A

cluster

43
Q

Which is a type of non-probability sampling?

A

purposeful

44
Q

Which of the following is true about convenience sampling?

A

it tends to be less expensive and easier to conduct

45
Q

Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?

A

It is considered adequate when the researcher detects no new knowledge.

46
Q

Which of the following are true statements about representativeness of a sample in quantitative research? Select all that apply.

A

In quantitative research, you need to evaluate representativeness in terms of the
setting, characteristics of the subjects, and distribution of values on variables
measured.

Researchers who gather data from subjects across a variety of settings have a more
representative sample of the target population than those limiting the study to a
single setting.

A sample must be representative in terms of characteristics such as age, gender,
ethnicity, income, and education, which often influence study variables.

47
Q

Which of the following are accurate statements about the research setting when conducting research? Select all that apply.

A

Three common settings for conducting nursing studies are natural, partially
controlled, and highly controlled.

The selection of a setting in quantitative and qualitative research is based on the
purpose of the study, accessibility of the setting or sites, and number and types of
participants available in the setting.

Conducting a study in a natural setting means that the researcher manipulates or
changes the environment for the study.

48
Q

If 100 potential participants meeting sampling criteria are approached to participate in a research study, and 5 patients refuse, then the refusal rate as a numeral would be _________________ percent.

A

5

49
Q

A nurse researcher used a systematic sampling design. The known population size is 2800 and the desired sample size is 140. The sampling size (k) of the gap between elements selected from the list, as a numeral, is ______________.

A

20

50
Q
  1. The individual units of the population and sample are called _________________.
A

elements

EBP (32 decks)

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