Final: CH19

Question 1

is gluconeogenesis a excretory system function

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

nephron’s contain what 2 fluids

Answer 2

water, plasma

Question 3

functional unit of the kideny

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

2 layers of a nephron

Answer 4

cortex, medulla

Question 5

nephrons modifies fluid __ and ___

Answer 5

volume, osmolarity

Question 6

what % of fluid volume is reabsorbed in the nephrons

Answer 6

70%

Question 7

the primary function of the proximal tubule is the isosmotic ___ of solutes and water

Answer 7

reabsortion

Question 8

term for high blood concentration of uric acid

Answer 8

gout

Question 9

structure
primary site for creating dilute urine

Answer 9

loop of henle

Question 10

most volume originally filtered into ___ ___ reabsorbed into capillaries

Answer 10

Bowmans capsule

Question 11

the ___ tubes and collecting ___ - regulation of salt and water balance under hormone control

Answer 11

distal, ducts

Question 12

the final volume and osmolarity depends on the body’s need to __ or __water and solutes.

Answer 12

conserve, excrete

Question 13

secretion v excretion
se- means __

Answer 13

apart

Question 14

amount excreted = amount ___ - amount ___ + amount ___

Answer 14

filtered, reabsorbed, secreted

Question 15

name one way in which filtration and secretion are alike and one way in which they differ.

Answer 15

Alike: both represent movement from extracellular fluid into lumen.

Filtration is only into Bowman’s capsule;
secretion takes place along the rest of tubule.

Question 16

1st filtration barrier

Answer 16

capillary endothelium

Question 17

2nd filtration barrier

Answer 17

fbasement membrane

Question 18

3rd filtration barrier

Answer 18

epithelium of Bowmans capsule

Question 19

name of cells in the epithelium of Bowmans caspule

Answer 19

podocytes

Question 20

nephrin and podocin are contained within what kidney structure

Answer 20

Bowmans capsule

Question 21

what drives filtration across walls of glomerular cappillaries

Answer 21

cap blood pressure
cap colloid osmotic pressure
capsule fluid pressure

Question 22

__ primarily remains constant and is primarily controlled via regulation of blood flow through renal arterioles

Answer 22

GFR

Question 23

GFR primarily remains constant and is primarily controlled via regulation of blood flow through ___ arterioles

Answer 23

renal

Question 24

Why is the osmotic pressure of plasma in efferent arterioles higher than that in afferent arterioles

Answer 24

Osmotic pressure is higher in efferent arterioles because fluid volume is decreased there, leaving the same amount of protein in a smaller volume.

Question 25

angiotensin II is a

Answer 25

vasoconstrictor

Question 26

prostaglandins are

Answer 26

vasodilator

Question 27

angiotensin II and prostaglandins do what 2 things RF

Answer 27

change resistance in arterioles alter filtration coefficient

Question 28

If systemic blood pressure remains constant but the afferent arteriole of a nephron constricts, what happens to renal blood flow and GFR in that nephron?

Answer 28

the resistance in that arteriole in- creases, and blood flow through that arteriole is diverted to lower- resistance arterioles. GFR decreases in the nephron whose arteriole constricted.

Question 29

different cell compartments in the JGA are interconnected by __ __

Answer 29

gap junctions

Question 30

gap junctions transmit signals from the sensor cells to the effector cells during renal ___

Answer 30

autoregulation

Question 31

An increase in ___ concentrations in the MD triggers the release of ATP from MDCs.

Answer 31

NaCl

Question 32

1. GFR __ 2. flow through tubule __ 3. flow past macula densa __ 4. paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole 5. afferent arteriole __ 6. resistance in afferent arteriole __ 7. hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus __ 8. GFR __

Answer 32

increase increase increase constricts increase decrease decrease

Question 33

Na is reabsorbed by __ transport

Answer 33

active

Question 34

___ gradient drives anion reabsorption

Answer 34

electrochemical