Final: Ch 20

Question 1

3 homeostatic reflexes caused by a decrease in blood volume and pressure

Answer 1

cardio system, behavior, kidneys

Question 2

how does the cardio system respond to a decrease in volume and pressure

Answer 2

increase cardiac output, vasoconstriction

Question 3

how do the kidneys respond to a decrease in volume and pressure

Answer 3

conserve H2O

Question 4

how does the cardio system respond to an increase in volume and pressure

Answer 4

decrease cardiac output, vasodilation

Question 5

how do the kidneys respond to an increase in volume and pressure

Answer 5

excrete salts and H2O in urine, lower ECF and ICF volume

Question 6

can the kidneys restore lost volume

Answer 6

no

Question 7

the kidneys only conserve

Answer 7

fluid

Question 8

kidneys cycle ___ and conserve ___

Answer 8

fluid, volume

Question 9

urine osmolarity depends on ___ in the collecting duct

Answer 9

rebsorption

Question 10

___ control distal nephron permeability to water and solutes

Answer 10

hormones

Question 11

removal of solute in the thick ascending limb creates ___ fluid

Answer 11

hyposmotic

Question 12

with ___ ___ the collecting duct is freely permeable to water. water leaves via osmosis and is carried away.

Answer 12

maximal vasopressin

Question 13

in the absence of ____ the collecting duct is impermeable to water and the urine is dilute

Answer 13

vasopression

Question 14

1. ___ binds to membrane receptor
2. receptor activates ___ second messenger system
3. cell inserts ___ water pores into apical membrane
4. water is ___ by osmosis to blood
   VCAA

Answer 14

vasopression
cAMP
APQ2
absorbed

Question 15

vasopressin is release from what brain structure

Answer 15

posterior pituitary

Question 16

as plasma vasopression increases, plasma osmolarity ___

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

3 molecules pumped out in the ascending limb to make the filtrate become hyposmotic

Answer 17

Na, K, Cl

Question 18

ingesting salt causes no change in volume, but ___ osmolarity

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

secretion of vasopressin causes an increase in renal water ____

Answer 19

reabsorption

Question 20

increase in water intake causes what 3 things to occur

Answer 20

increase renal absorption, increase ECF volume, increase BP

Question 21

an increase in ECF volume causes kidneys to excrete what 2 things

Answer 21

salt and water

Question 22

1. ___ combines with a cytoplasmic receptor
2. hormone-receptor complex initiates __ in nucleus
3. new protein channels and pumps are made
4. aldosterone-induced proteins modify existing proteins
5. result is increased Na ___ and K ___

Answer 22

aldosterone
transcription
absorption, secretion

Question 23

bp directly effects ___ cells of afferent arteriole

Answer 23

granular

Question 24

a decrease in bp causes and increase in ___ secretion

Answer 24

renin

Question 25

an increase in plasma H+ and PCO2 occurs by the ___ of __ action

Answer 25

Law of Mass

Question 26

term for low pH and high H+

Answer 26

acidosis

Question 27

type _ intercalated cells function in acidosis

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Type ___ intercalated cells function in alkalosis

Answer 28

B