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Physiology > Ch 19 Summary > Flashcards

Ch 19 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

__ __ – homeostatic regulation of water and ion blood content “fluid and electrolight balance”

A

kidney function

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2
Q

Extracellular fluid volume (ECF) decrease, BP __

A

decrease

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3
Q

the kidneys work with what other body system

A

cardio

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4
Q

what is the major ion in regulation of ECF and osmolarity

A

sodium

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5
Q

if ECF is too acidic, kidney’s __ H+ and ___ sodium bicarbonate

A

remove, concerve

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6
Q

if ECF is alkaline, the kidneys ___ H+ and ___ sodium bicarbonate

A

concrete, remove

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7
Q

renin is a hormone release by the kidneys that regulations the production of hormones involved in ___ balance and __ homeostasis

A

sodium, BP

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8
Q

the kidneys have a high reserve __

A

capacity

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9
Q

__% of nephrons are in the cortex

A

80

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10
Q

blood enters the kidneys through what

A

renal artery

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11
Q

where are the microvilli located?

A

epithelial cells at apical surface

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12
Q

the renal corpuscle contains what 2 structures

A

glomerulus
Bowmans capsule

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13
Q

the proximity of ascending limb and the juxtaglomerular apparatus allows for what communication to occur

A

paracrine communication

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14
Q

what is a key feature of kidney autoregulation

A

paracrine communication

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15
Q

___ is the movement of fluid form blood to lumen of nephron

A

filtration

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16
Q

filtration only takes place in what structure

A

renal corpuscle

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17
Q

where in the kidney does reabsorption occur

A

loop of henle

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18
Q

where in the kidney does secretion occur

A

proximal/distal tubes
collecting duct

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19
Q

where in the kidney does excretion occur

A

end of collecting duct

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20
Q

___ selectively removes moles from blood and adds to filtration in tubule lumen

A

secretion

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21
Q

___ is a structure that modifies fluid volume and osmolarity

A

nephron

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22
Q

___ is a structure that is the primary site for creating dilute urine

A

loop of henle

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23
Q

in the loop of hence, more ___ are absorbed than water

A

solutes

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24
Q

how does secretion differ from glomerular filtration if both have the same function? what does secretion use to move molecules?

A

secretion is more selective
membrane proteins

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25
Q

___ structure that modifies fluid volume and osmolarity

A

nephron

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26
Q

is every substance in the plasma filtered

A

no

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27
Q

the 1st step in urine formation is the filtration of plasma into what structure

A

kidney tubule

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28
Q

GFR stands for

A

glomerular filtration rate

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29
Q

GFR is determined by what 2 things: p,c

A

filtration pressure and filtration coefficient

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30
Q

GFR is controlled by the regulation of __ ___

A

blood flow

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31
Q

if the afferent resistance increases GFR should ___

A

decreased

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32
Q

if the efferent resistance increases, GFR should __-

A

increase

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33
Q

the function of GFR auto regulation is to protect filtration barrier from what

A

potentially high BP

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34
Q

the ___ response is the vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure change

A

myogenic

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35
Q

the Tubuloglomerular feedback is a paracrine signaling mech, that changes in fluid flow through what structure to influence GFR

A

loop of henle

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36
Q

name of the cells that transport NaCl

A

macula densa

37
Q

what 2 ways in the glomerular filtration rate altered by hormones
resitantce, filtration

A

change resistance in arterioles
alter filtration coefficent

38
Q

the lumen of the nephron is an __ (internal/internal) environment

A

external

39
Q

sodium is reabsorbed by ___ (active/passive) transport

A

active

40
Q

permeable solutes are reabsorbed by___

A

diffusion

41
Q

Reabsorption – involves both ___transport and ___ transport.

A

transepithelial
paracellular

42
Q

what type of reabsorption transport is this?
substances cross the apical and basolateral membranes of tubule epithelial cell to reach interstitial fluid

A

transepithelial transport

43
Q

what type of reabsorption transport is this?
substances pass through the cell-cell junction between two adjacent cells

A

paracellular

44
Q

the active transport of what molecule is the primary driving force for most renal reabsorption

A

sodium

45
Q

can renal transport reach saturation

A

yes

46
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of mediated transport in the nephron

A

saturation, specificity, and competition

47
Q

___ is the max rate of transport that occurs when all available carriers are saturated with substrate

A

saturation

48
Q

the filtration rate of glucose is proportional to the ____ concentration of glucose

A

plasma

49
Q

how does reabsorbed fluid enter capillaries

A

hydrostatic pressure

50
Q

what is the result of all processes that take place in the kidney

A

urine

51
Q

excretion tells us what the body is eliminating, doesn’t tell us the details of renal ___

A

function

52
Q

____ filtration rate can be used as an indicator of overall kidney function

A

glomerular

53
Q

___ of a solute is the rate at which that solute disappears from the body by excretion/ metabolism

A

clearance

54
Q

insulin clearance = __

A

GFR

55
Q

what is used for clinically measuring clearance beaus insulin is not naturally made

A

creatatine

56
Q

glucose clearance - normally all glucose filtered is ___

A

reabsorbed

57
Q

urea clearance is an example of what type of reabsorption

A

net reabsorption

58
Q

if filtration is greater than excretion, there is ___ reabsorption

A

net

59
Q

penicillin clearance is an example of net ___

A

secretion

60
Q

is excretion is greater than filtration, there is net ___

A

secretion

61
Q

what does clearance help determine

A

renal function

62
Q

comparison of clearance values only tells the net handling of the ___, not if a molecule is both reabsorbed and secreted

A

solute

63
Q

less substance appears in the urine than was filtered, net ___ occured

A

reabs

64
Q

more urine appears than filtered, net ___ into the lumen

A

secretion

65
Q

___ is the desire to urinate

A

mictruition

66
Q

normal tone of the bladder keeps the internal sphincter ___

A

contracted

67
Q

___ stimulation maintains contraction except during urination

A

tonic

68
Q

urinary system uses ___ ___ to maintain homeostasis

A

mass balance

69
Q

___ occurs in the 1st capillary bed

A

filtration

70
Q

___ occurs in the second capillary bed

A

reabsorption

71
Q

___ is the movement of water and solutes between an internal and external environment

A

compartmentation

72
Q

what does the reabsorption and secretion of solutes depend on

A

molecular interaction
movement of molecules across membranes of tubule cells

73
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From ___ –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

glomerulus

74
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> __ __ –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

Bowmans capsule

75
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> __ tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

proximal

76
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –> __ -> distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

loop of henle

77
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle -> __ tubule and collecting ___ –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

distal , duct

78
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> __ __ –> ureter –> urinary bladder

A

renal pelvis

79
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> __ –> urinary bladder

A

ureter

80
Q

Flow of fluid in the kidney:
From glomerulus –> bowmans capsule –> proximal tubule –>loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> __ __

A

urinary bladder

81
Q

filtration - fluid from ___ to __ ___

A

plasma, Bowmans capsule

82
Q

reabsorption - filtered material from __ to ___

A

tubule, blood

83
Q

secretion - selected materials from __ to __

A

blood, tubule

84
Q

average urine volume

A

1.5L/day

85
Q

solute excreted = amount ___ - amount ___ + amount ___
frs

A

filtered
reabsorbed
secreted

86
Q

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries can be altered by changing resistance in the ___

A

afferent, efferent arterioles

87
Q

where does most reabsorption occur

A

proximal tubule

88
Q

The __ ___ is the plasma concentration at which a substance first appears in the urine.

A

renal threshold

89
Q

Clearance describes how many milliliters of ___ passing through the kidneys have been totally cleared of a ___in a given period of time.

A

plasma, solute

Physiology (21 decks)

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