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Physiology > Ch 19 Summary > Flashcards

Ch 19 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

__ __ – homeostatic regulation of water and ion blood content “fluid and electrolight balance”

A

kidney function

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2
Q

Extracellular fluid volume (ECF) decrease, BP __

A

decrease

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3
Q

the kidneys work with what other body system

A

cardio

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4
Q

what is the major ion in regulation of ECF and osmolarity

A

sodium

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5
Q

if ECF is too acidic, kidney’s __ H+ and ___ sodium bicarbonate

A

remove, concerve

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6
Q

if ECF is alkaline, the kidneys ___ H+ and ___ sodium bicarbonate

A

concrete, remove

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7
Q

renin is a hormone release by the kidneys that regulations the production of hormones involved in ___ balance and __ homeostasis

A

sodium, BP

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8
Q

the kidneys have a high reserve __

A

capacity

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9
Q

__% of nephrons are in the cortex

A

80

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10
Q

blood enters the kidneys through what

A

renal artery

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11
Q

where are the microvilli located?

A

epithelial cells at apical surface

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12
Q

the renal corpuscle contains what 2 structures

A

glomerulus
Bowmans capsule

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13
Q

the proximity of ascending limb and the juxtaglomerular apparatus allows for what communication to occur

A

paracrine communication

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14
Q

what is a key feature of kidney autoregulation

A

paracrine communication

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15
Q

___ is the movement of fluid form blood to lumen of nephron

A

filtration

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16
Q

filtration only takes place in what structure

A

renal corpuscle

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17
Q

where in the kidney does reabsorption occur

A

loop of henle

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18
Q

where in the kidney does secretion occur

A

proximal/distal tubes
collecting duct

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19
Q

where in the kidney does excretion occur

A

end of collecting duct

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20
Q

___ selectively removes moles from blood and adds to filtration in tubule lumen

A

secretion

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21
Q

___ is a structure that modifies fluid volume and osmolarity

A

nephron

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22
Q

___ is a structure that is the primary site for creating dilute urine

A

loop of henle

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23
Q

in the loop of hence, more ___ are absorbed than water

A

solutes

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24
Q

how does secretion differ from glomerular filtration if both have the same function? what does secretion use to move molecules?

A

secretion is more selective
membrane proteins

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25
___ structure that modifies fluid volume and osmolarity
nephron
26
is every substance in the plasma filtered
no
27
the 1st step in urine formation is the filtration of plasma into what structure
kidney tubule
28
GFR stands for
glomerular filtration rate
29
GFR is determined by what 2 things: p,c
filtration pressure and filtration coefficient
30
GFR is controlled by the regulation of __ ___
blood flow
31
if the afferent resistance increases GFR should ___
decreased
32
if the efferent resistance increases, GFR should __-
increase
33
the function of GFR auto regulation is to protect filtration barrier from what
potentially high BP
34
the ___ response is the vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure change
myogenic
35
the Tubuloglomerular feedback is a paracrine signaling mech, that changes in fluid flow through what structure to influence GFR
loop of henle
36
name of the cells that transport NaCl
macula densa
37
what 2 ways in the glomerular filtration rate altered by hormones resitantce, filtration
change resistance in arterioles alter filtration coefficent
38
the lumen of the nephron is an __ (internal/internal) environment
external
39
sodium is reabsorbed by ___ (active/passive) transport
active
40
permeable solutes are reabsorbed by___
diffusion
41
Reabsorption – involves both ___transport and ___ transport.
transepithelial paracellular
42
what type of reabsorption transport is this? substances cross the apical and basolateral membranes of tubule epithelial cell to reach interstitial fluid
transepithelial transport
43
what type of reabsorption transport is this? substances pass through the cell-cell junction between two adjacent cells
paracellular
44
the active transport of what molecule is the primary driving force for most renal reabsorption
sodium
45
can renal transport reach saturation
yes
46
what are the 3 characteristics of mediated transport in the nephron
saturation, specificity, and competition
47
___ is the max rate of transport that occurs when all available carriers are saturated with substrate
saturation
48
the filtration rate of glucose is proportional to the ____ concentration of glucose
plasma
49
how does reabsorbed fluid enter capillaries
hydrostatic pressure
50
what is the result of all processes that take place in the kidney
urine
51
excretion tells us what the body is eliminating, doesn't tell us the details of renal ___
function
52
____ filtration rate can be used as an indicator of overall kidney function
glomerular
53
___ of a solute is the rate at which that solute disappears from the body by excretion/ metabolism
clearance
54
insulin clearance = __
GFR
55
what is used for clinically measuring clearance beaus insulin is not naturally made
creatatine
56
glucose clearance - normally all glucose filtered is ___
reabsorbed
57
urea clearance is an example of what type of reabsorption
net reabsorption
58
if filtration is greater than excretion, there is ___ reabsorption
net
59
penicillin clearance is an example of net ___
secretion
60
is excretion is greater than filtration, there is net ___
secretion
61
what does clearance help determine
renal function
62
comparison of clearance values only tells the net handling of the ___, not if a molecule is both reabsorbed and secreted
solute
63
less substance appears in the urine than was filtered, net ___ occured
reabs
64
more urine appears than filtered, net ___ into the lumen
secretion
65
___ is the desire to urinate
mictruition
66
normal tone of the bladder keeps the internal sphincter ___
contracted
67
___ stimulation maintains contraction except during urination
tonic
68
urinary system uses ___ ___ to maintain homeostasis
mass balance
69
___ occurs in the 1st capillary bed
filtration
70
___ occurs in the second capillary bed
reabsorption
71
___ is the movement of water and solutes between an internal and external environment
compartmentation
72
what does the reabsorption and secretion of solutes depend on
molecular interaction movement of molecules across membranes of tubule cells
73
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From ___ --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
glomerulus
74
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> __ __ --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
Bowmans capsule
75
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> __ tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
proximal
76
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule --> __ -> distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
loop of henle
77
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle -> __ tubule and collecting ___ --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> urinary bladder
distal , duct
78
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> __ __ --> ureter --> urinary bladder
renal pelvis
79
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> __ --> urinary bladder
ureter
80
Flow of fluid in the kidney: From glomerulus --> bowmans capsule --> proximal tubule -->loop of henle ->distal tubule and collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> __ __
urinary bladder
81
filtration - fluid from ___ to __ ___
plasma, Bowmans capsule
82
reabsorption - filtered material from __ to ___
tubule, blood
83
secretion - selected materials from __ to __
blood, tubule
84
average urine volume
1.5L/day
85
solute excreted = amount ___ - amount ___ + amount ___ frs
filtered reabsorbed secreted
86
Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries can be altered by changing resistance in the ___
afferent, efferent arterioles
87
where does most reabsorption occur
proximal tubule
88
The __ ___ is the plasma concentration at which a substance first appears in the urine.
renal threshold
89
Clearance describes how many milliliters of ___ passing through the kidneys have been totally cleared of a ___in a given period of time.
plasma, solute

Physiology (21 decks)

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