Ch 20 Summary

Question 1

ECF ___ as a result of excess water intake, water moves ___ the cell

Answer 1

decrease, into

Question 2

homeostatic compensation by the kidneys is (fast/slow)

Answer 2

slow

Question 3

most water is lost from the body in urine or sweat

Answer 3

urine

Question 4

water loss in the skin surface and exhalation is called

Answer 4

insensible water loss

Question 5

only water loss in the __ can be regulated

Answer 5

urine

Question 6

pathological water loss disrupts homeostasis in what 2 ways

Answer 6

volume depletion of extracellular
or
hyposmotic to the body (excessive sweating)

Question 7

can the kidneys replace lost water volume

Answer 7

no

Question 8

if water volume falls too low, GFR ___

Answer 8

`stops

Question 9

the ___ ___ creates concentrated urine

Answer 9

renal medulla

Question 10

___ - the removal of excess water in urine

Answer 10

diauresis

Question 11

to make concentrated urine, the cell membranes and cell junctions must not be ___ to water

Answer 11

permeable

Question 12

water is reabsorbed in the kidney via ___

Answer 12

aquaporins

Question 13

the kidney’s high ___ ___ osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated as it flows through the collecting duct

Answer 13

medullary interstitial

Question 14

reabsorption in the proximal tubule is ___

Answer 14

isosmotic

Question 15

Water reabsorption in the kidneys conserves water and can ___ body osmolarity

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

in the absence of vasopressin, the collecting duct is ___ to water and the urine is ___

Answer 16

impermeable, dilute

Question 17

with maximal vasopressin, the collecting duct is freely permeable to ___. urine is ___

Answer 17

water, concentrated

Question 18

___ causes insertion of water pores into the apical membrane

Answer 18

vasopressin

Question 19

The water permeability of the collecting duct is not an ___phenomenon,

Answer 19

all or none

Question 20

The collecting duct is not a ___ system

Answer 20

passive

Question 21

when vasopressin arrives, it binds to __ receptors

Answer 21

V2

Question 22

exocytosis inserts the APQ2 water pores into the __ membrane

Answer 22

apical

Question 23

___ recycling: the process which membranes are alternately added by exocytosis and withdrawn by endocytosis

Answer 23

membrane

Question 24

Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell have more water pores when vasopressin is present or when it is absent?

Answer 24

more water pores when vasopressin is present

Question 25

what is osmolarity measured by

Answer 25

osmoreceptors

Question 26

osmoreceptors stretch-sensitive neurons that ___ their firing rate as osmolarity increases.

Answer 26

increase

Question 27

when the osmoreceptors shrink, cation channels linked to actin filaments open, ___ the cell.

Answer 27

depolarizing

Question 28

what is the primary determinant of ECF volume

Answer 28

sodium

Question 29

what hormone increase Na reabsorption and K secretion

Answer 29

aldosterone

Question 30

high ECF osmolarity inhibits aldosterone control on ECF _ stimulation

Answer 30

K+

Question 31

Thirst is triggered by ___osmoreceptors and relieved by drinking

Answer 31

hypothalamic

Question 32

___ appetite is triggered by aldosterone and angiotensin

Answer 32

salt

Question 33

the most significant source of acid is ___ from ___

Answer 33

CO2, respiration

Question 34

in acidosis the kidneys secrete __ and reabsorb ___

Answer 34

H+, HCO3-

Question 35

in alkalosis, the kidneys secrete __ and reabsorb ___

Answer 35

HCO3-, H+

Question 36

what cells are responsible for the fine regulation of acid-base balance

Answer 36

intercalated cells