Ch 21 Summary

Question 1

what are the 3 structures that add exocrine secretions containing enzymes and mucus to the lumen

Answer 1

salivary glands, pancreas, liver

Question 2

___ is a soupy substance created as ingested food is broken down by mechanical and chemical digestion.

Answer 2

chyme

Question 3

The __ is the outer connective tissue layer that is a continuation of the peritoneal membrane.

Answer 3

serosa

Question 4

___ is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods into absorbable units.

Answer 4

digestion

Question 5

__is transfer of substances from the lumen of the GI tract to the ECF.

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

__ movement of material through the GI tract.

Answer 6

moltility

Question 7

___ is the transfer of fluid and electrolytes from ECF to lumen or the release of substances from cells.

Answer 7

secretion

Question 8

Some segments of the gut are ___ contracted, but others exhibit __ contractions.

Answer 8

tonic, phasic

Question 9

Intestinal smooth muscle exhibits spontaneous __ ___ potentials

Answer 9

sslow wave

Question 10

slow wave potentials originate where

Answer 10

interstitial cells of Cajal

Question 11

action potentials are fired, causing the muscle to contract, when a slow wave what

Answer 11

reaches threshold

Question 12

what moves food remnants from the upper GI tract to the lower regions.

Answer 12

migrating motor complex

Question 13

these are progressive waves of contraction that occur mainly in the esophagus.

Answer 13

peristaltic contractions

Question 14

this contraction type is mixing contraction

Answer 14

segmental contractions

Question 15

____ nervous system is used for GI function

Answer 15

parasympathetic

Question 16

which branch of the nervous system is inhibitory for the GI

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

Most stimuli for GI peptide secretion arise from

Answer 17

ingestion of food

Question 18

2 families that GI hormones are dived into

Answer 18

gastrin and secretin

Question 19

name for the hormone class for those that dont fit into gastrin or secretin

Answer 19

motilin

Question 20

The sight, smell, or taste of food initiates GI reflexes in the ___phase of digestion

Answer 20

cephalic

Question 21

___ is the word for chewing

Answer 21

mastication

Question 22

___ exocrine secretion that contains water, ions, mucus, and proteins.

Answer 22

saliva

Question 23

the name for swallowing

Answer 23

deglutition

Question 24

what controls deglutition

Answer 24

medullary center

Question 25

cells that secrete pepsinogen

Answer 25

chief cells

Question 26

histamine is from ___ cells

Answer 26

ECL

Question 27

gastrin is from__ cells

Answer 27

G

Question 28

what cells secrete hydrochloric acid

Answer 28

parietal cells

Question 29

gastric function is integrated with what 2 phases of digestion

Answer 29

cephalic and intestinal

Question 30

where does most nutrient absorption occur

Answer 30

small intestine

Question 31

bile is made by

Answer 31

hepatocytes

Question 32

__ cells secrete mucous

Answer 32

globlet

Question 33

is fat digested or broken down

Answer 33

broken down

Question 34

undigested material in the colon moves forward by what

Answer 34

mass movement

Question 35

what is triggered by sudden dissension of the rectum

Answer 35

defecation reflex

Question 36

cells of the colon can do what 2 things

Answer 36

absorb and secrete fluid

Question 37

3 protective mechanisms of the GI tract

Answer 37

acid and mucous production
vomiting
diarrhea

Question 38

where is the following produced
chyme

Answer 38

stomach

Question 39

where is the following produced
enzymes

Answer 39

stomach, small intestine, pancreas

Question 40

initial section of small intestine

Answer 40

duodenum

Question 41

this (2) adds exocrine secretions to duodenum via a duct

Answer 41

pancreas, liver

Question 42

sphincter between stomach and intestin

Answer 42

pylorus

Question 43

dissension of its walls triggers the defecation reflex

Answer 43

rectum

Question 44

For most nutrients, which two processes are not regulated?

Answer 44

absorption and digestion

Question 45

What are Peyer’s patches?

Answer 45

nods of lymphoid tissue