Final: antiseizure meds Flashcards
seizures equils
neurological electrical storms
what do antiepileptic meds do what with seizures
calm the storm (depress CNS)
why cant you stop anti seizure meds abruptly
risk of seizure or status epilepticus
avoid what with all antiseizure meds
alcohol (a CNS depressant)
antiseizure meds do what with BC
makes oral pills less effective
preg category for anti seizures
D or X
Phenytoin (Dilantin) MOA
selective inhibition of sodium channels
Phenytoin (Dilantin) SE
- vision issues
- gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums)
- drowsiness and CNS depression
those who take Phenytoin (Dilantin) need to have
good oral hygiene
drug interactions with Phenytoin (Dilantin)
-oral contraceptives
-warfarin (coumadin)
-glucocorticoids
(also dont take with other CNS depressants)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) MOA
inhibit the influx of sodium through sodium channels
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) use
anti seizure
Phenytonin (dilantin) use
antiseizure
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) SE
- visual disturbances
- decreased excretion of water (fluid retention)
- skin rash
- bbone marrow suppression
S/S of bone marrow suppression
fatigue, bleeding, fever, chills
skin rashs seen in Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- epidermal necrolysis
- stevens-johnson syndrome
cautions with Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
drinking grapefruit juice can increase plasma levels
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) drug interactions
- phenytoin
- phenobarbital
- OC
- warfarin
Valproic Acid (Depakote) MOA
suppress neuronal Na and Ca channels, increases GABA effects
Valproic Acid (Depakote) uses
- seizure
- bipolar disorder
Valproic Acid (Depakote) SE
- life threatening: hepatic failure and pancreatitis
- gi disturbances
Valproic Acid (Depakote) class
antiseizure
Gabapentin (Neurontin) class
antiseizure
Gabapentin (Neurontin) used for
partial seizures
also clinically perscribed for neuropathic pain
Gabapentin (Neurontin) SE
- well tolerated
- CNS: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus
- peripheral edema
what is status epilepticus
continuous series of tonic-clonic seizures
goals of treatment for status epilepticus
- maintain ventilation
- terminate seizure
- correct hypoglycemia
- initiate or continue long term suppression of drugs
“rescue” diazepam routes
- IV
- intranasal
- rectal
- IM
Diazepam (Valium) class
benzodiazepine (same family as Xanax)
“rescue” antiseizure
Diazepam (Valium) MOA
enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
Diazepam (Valium) uses
- status epilepticus
- muscle relaxant
- anxiety
Diazepam (Valium) SE
- CNS depression (check resps)
- serious adverse effect: cardiovascular collapse, bradycardia and hypotenion
what to check when using Diazepam (Valium)
respirations because it is a CNS depressant
