E2 insulins Flashcards
metformin class
biguanide antidiabetic
how does metformin work
reduces production of glucose by liver
metaformin does not cause what even in high doses
hypoglycemia
can be used alone or with insulin agents
metformin
first line med for D2
metformin
metformin is what with type 2
weight nutral and ideal for overweight T2 client
can be used in children 10+
metformin
what needs to be done before metformin is used
renal tests due to large molecule excretion
how long before tests with dye does metformin need to be DC
48 hours
glyburide (diabeta) class
sulfonylurea
how does glyburide (diabeta) work
increases secretion of insulin by stimulating the beta cells to produce more insulin
when to take glyburide (diabeta)
30 min before meals
glyburide can cause
hypoglycemia
glybruide is not recommended for
children and older adults (more sensitive)
repaglinide (prandin) class
meglitinide
how does repaglinide (prandin) work
stimulates pancreatic secretion of insulin
what do you need in order to use repaglinide (prandin)
functioning beta cells
when to take repaglinide (prandin)
30 min before meals
repaglinide (prandin) can cause what
hypoglycemia
repaglinide (prandin) is not recommended for
children
pioglitazone (actos) class
thiazolidinedione
how does pioglitazone (actos) work
- resensitizes the tissues to insulin (decreases resistance)
- stimulates receptors on muscle, fat and liver cells
how long for pioglitazone (actos) to take effect
takes 12 weeks to reach max effect
what needs monitored with pioglitazone (actos)
liver enzymes
take with meals
pioglitazone (actos)
SE with pioglitazone (actos)
fluid retention
BBW with pioglitazone (actos)
risk of CHF
acarbose (precose) class
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
how does acarbose (precose) work
slows digestion of starces
onset for acarbose (precose)
rapid
acarbose (precose) works best with
sulfonlyurea
can decrease digoxin levels and requires close monitoring
acarbose (precose)
when to take acarbose (precose)
take at beginning of meal (first bite)
sitagliptin phosphate (januvia) class
DPP-4 inhibitor
how does sitaglipitin phosphate (januvia) work
prevents breakdown of incretion that tells pancreas to increase insulin excretion
increases insulin production but unlikely to cause hypoglycemia
januvia
exenatide (beytta) class
incretin mimetic
how does exenatide (beytta) work
acts as natural hormone by stimulating the pancreas to secrete right amt of insulin based on food just eaten
SE of exenatide (beytta)
slows gastric emptying
how is exenatide (beytta) used
given SQ twice daily within 60 min of morning and evening meal
