E3: Heart drugs Flashcards
1
Q
propranolol drug class
A
beta blocker
2
Q
how does propranolol work
A
blocks beta adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system
(slows heart rate)
3
Q
big effect for propranolol
A
slows heart rate!
4
Q
what is propranolol used for (5)
A
- hypertension
- heart failure
- post MI
- angina
- arrhythmias
5
Q
side effect of propranolol
A
- depression
- hypoglycemia
- importance
- dizziness
6
Q
because propranolol is a nonselective beta blocker, what can happen
A
have effect on B2(lungs)
7
Q
who is propranolol contraindicated in
A
people with asthma or other lung disorders
8
Q
what do you need to check before admin of propranolol
A
make sure pulse is 60 or greater
9
Q
captopril (capoten) cass
A
ACE inhibitor
10
Q
what is the action of captopril (capoten)
A
block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which relaxes vessels and reduces reabsorption of fluid (reducing after load)
11
Q
captopril (capoten) used for
A
- HTN
- heart failure
- MI
- Diabetic Nephropathy
12
Q
most common side effect of captopril (capoten)
A
unrelenting cough
13
Q
life threatening side effect of captopril (capoten)
A
angioedema
14
Q
other side effects of captopril (capoten) (6)
A
- Hyperkalemia
- renal failure
- GI distress
- Rash
- Neutropenia
- agranulocytosis
15
Q
what drug does captopril (capoten) interact with
A
Digoxin (raises digoxin levels)
16
Q
captopril (capoten) is contraindicated in who
A
pregnant people
17
Q
when to take captopril (capoten)
A
one hour before meals and two hrs apart from antacids
18
Q
Losartan (Cozaar) class
A
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)
19
Q
action of Losartan (Cozaar)
A
block angiotensin II causing vasodialatio, reduces volume
20
Q
SE for Losartan (Cozaar)
A
- Hyperkalemia
- renal failure
- GI distress
- Rash
- Neutropenia
- agranulocytosis
21
Q
contraindication for Losartan (Cozaar)
A
Do not take during pregnancy
22
Q
when to take Losartan (Cozaar)
A
may take with food
23
Q
Verapamil (Calan) class
A
calcium channel blocker
24
Q
Verapamil (Calan) action
A
blocks calcium from cardiac cell reducing contraction, causing vasodialation
25
Verapamil (Calan) uses (4)
- HTN
- Angina
- Arrhythmias
- circulatory conditions
26
SE of Verapamil (Calan) (3)
- peripheral edema
- constipation
- suppression of cardiac function (heart block, dysrhy, HF)
27
Verapamil (Calan) interacts with
grapefruit juice and beta blockers
28
Nifedipine (Procardia) class
calcium channel blocker
29
Nifedipine (Procardia) action
blocks calcium from cardiac cell reducing contraction causing vasodialation
30
Nifedipine (Procardia) uses (4)
- HTN
- angina
- arrhythmias
- circulatory conditions
31
Nifedipine (Procardia) SE
- peripheral edema
| - constipation
32
Nifedipine (Procardia) interacts with what
- grapefruit
| - increased hypotension with beta blockers
33
Hydralazine (Apresoline) action
direct vasodialation of veins and arteries causing rapid drop in BP
34
Hydralazine (Apresoline) uses
- severe HTN
| - heart failure
35
Hydralazine (Apresoline) SE (5)
- headache
- dizziness
- edema
- chest apin
- reflex tachy
36
monitor what with Hydralazine (Apresoline)
BP carefully
37
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) action
direct vasodialation of veins and arteries causing rapid drop in BP
38
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) uses
hypertensie emergency
39
risk with Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
risk of cyanide toxicity
| those with liver disorders at an increased risk
40
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) SE (5)
- headache
- dizziness
- edema
- chest pain
- reflex tachy
41
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress) admin
do not admin in a line with any other medication (needs own line)
42
monitor what with Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
close cardiac monitoring
43
Digoxin (Lanoxin) class
cardiac glycoside
44
Digoxin (Lanoxin) action
increases the level of calcium inside the cell by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump
45
Digoxin (Lanoxin) uses
- heart failure
| - arrhythmias (A-fib)
46
SE of Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- HA
- seizures
- drowsiness
- arrhhythmias
47
therapeutic levels for Digoxin (Lanoxin)
.5-2.0 ng/ml
48
if admin Digoxin (Lanoxin) iv infuse over
5 minutes at least
49
what to check for Digoxin (Lanoxin)
pulse
| less than 60, contract provider
50
what are the s/s of Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity
- yellow halos
- confusion
- N/V
- cardiac disturbances
51
what does Digoxin (Lanoxin) interact with
- electrolyte disturbance
| - hypokalemia with potassium wasting diuretics
52
Dopamine (Intropin) class
catecholamine (same fam as epi)
53
Dopamine (Intropin) uses
- heart failure
- shock
(EMERGENCY drug)
54
SE of Dopamine (Intropin)
- necrosis when solution extravastes
- dysrhythmias
- angina
55
low dose Dopamine (Intropin)
renal vasodialation
| "renal dose)
56
mod dose Dopamine (Intropin)
renal dose + increase HR, contractility, AV conduction
57
high dose Dopamine (Intropin)
renal dose + increase HR, contractility, AV conduction + VASOCONSTRICTION
58
what to monitor with Dopamine (Intropin)
continuous cardiac monitoring
59
Hydrochlorothiazide class
thiazide diuretic
60
Hydrochlorothiazide action
prootes urine production by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule
61
Hydrochlorothiazide uses
- HTN
| - edema
62
SE of Hydrochlorothiazide
- dehydration
| - electrolyte imbalances
63
Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with what
digoxin
64
Furosemide (Lasix) action
inhibits chloride reabsorption in ascending loop of henle
65
what is a problem with Furosemide (Lasix)
high loss of K in urine
66
Furosemide (Lasix) (4)
- HTN
- hypertensive emergencies
- edema
- pulmonary edema
67
SE of Furosemide (Lasix)
- dehydration
- electrolyte imbalances
- ototoxicity
68
Furosemide (Lasix) interacts with what
digoxin (hyperkalemia)
69
Spironolactone (Aldactone) classeS
- aldosterone antagonists
| - potassium sparing diuretic
70
Spironolactone (Aldactone) action
reduces blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in kidney and increases excretion of sodium and water
71
Spironolactone (Aldactone) uses
- HTN
| - heart failure
72
SE of Spironolactone (Aldactone) (4)
- hyperkalemia
- hyponatremia
- flu like symptoms
- dizziness
73
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) use
use only for VENTRICULAR dysrhythmias in hospital
74
SE of Lidocaine (Xylocaine) (3)
- respiratory arrest
- seizures
- fatigue
75
how is Lidocaine (Xylocaine) dosed
started with high loading dose and lower maintenance dose
76
Amiodarone (Cordarone) class
potassium channel blockers
77
Amiodarone (Cordarone) action
decreases conduction, automaticity, repolarization rate and contractility
78
Amiodarone (Cordarone) uses
- recurrent A fib
- V fib
- V tach
79
SE of Amiodarone (Cordarone)
MANY
| -major SE is pulmonary toxicity
80
Amiodarone (Cordarone) interacts with
grapefruit and many cardiac drugs
81
Amiodarone (Cordarone) has a long what
half life- interactions can take place even after cessation of drug
82
Adenosine (Adenocard) class
endogenous glucoside
83
Adenosine (Adenocard) action
decreased conduction through the AV node
84
Adenosine (Adenocard) use
- antiarrhythmic
| - paroxysmal SVT
85
Adenosine (Adenocard) speed
FAST
| short half life
86
how to admin Adenosine (Adenocard)
quick IV push with quick saline flush
87
after admin what might happen
may be short moment of asystole before normal rhythm begins
88
Adenosine (Adenocard) is contraindicated in (3)
- a-fib
- a-flutter
- heart block
89
Lovastatin (Mevacor) class
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
90
Lovastatin (Mevacor) ation
inhibits HMG CoA reductase in liver limiting cholesterol synthesis
91
Lovastatin (Mevacor) decreases
- cholesterol
- LDL
- VLDL
- triglycerides
92
Lovastatin (Mevacor) increases
HDL
93
SE of Lovastatin (Mevacor) (6)
- GI distress
- Headache
- Myalgia (muscle soreness)
- rhabdomyolysis (muscle wasting
- weakness
- ocular and liver toxicity
94
when do results appear with Lovastatin (Mevacor)
6-12 months
95
when to take Lovastatin (Mevacor)
evening meal
96
Lovastatin (Mevacor) is contraindicated in
pregnancy and in those with liver problems
97
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) class
organic nitrate
98
angina=
need for O2
99
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) action
nicto decreases cardiac O2 demand by dilating veing and decreasing venous return (preload)
relaxes coronary arteries increasing o2 supply
100
has a significant first pass effect
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
101
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) admin
sublingual
| take with pain, wait 5, call 911 and take another, take 3rd in another 5
102
do not take with Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
viagra or booze
103
SE of V
- headache
| - reflex tachy
