E3: blood drugs Flashcards
Heparin class
anticoagulant
Heparin goal
prevent clot or progression of clot
Heparin action
prevent clotting by activating antithrombin thus inactivating thrombin and factor Xa (inhibits fibrin formation)
Heparin admin
not absorbed in the GI
must be given subq or iv infusion
how often are labs done with Heparin
daily to monitor coagulation effects (aPPT)
antidote for Heparin
protamine sulfate
risk with Heparin
risk for bleeding and life threatening heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) class
anticoagulant
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) goal
prevent clot or progression of clot
why is Enoxaparin (Lovenox) different than heparin
more predictable anticog response than heparin
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) action
Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin, thus indirectly inactivating both
thrombin and factor Xa. This inhibits fibrin formation.
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) antidote
protamine sulfate
labs with Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
does not require lab monitoring
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) admin
Not absorbed by the intestinal tract and must be given by subcutaneous
injection or IV infusion.
Warfarin (Coumadin) class
anticoag
Warfarin (Coumadin) goal
prevent clot or progression of clot
Warfarin (Coumadin) action
antagonizes vitamin K therefor preventing synthesis of four coag factors
antidote to Warfarin (Coumadin)
vitamin K
how is Warfarin (Coumadin) monitored
by prothrombin time (PT) and INR
avoid food with K that may decrease antigoag effects of what
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) class
direct thrombin inhibitor
anticoag
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) goal
prevent clot or progression of clot
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) antidote
praxibind
monitoring for Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
no monitoring
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) class
anticoag
direct factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) goal
prevent clot or progression of clot
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) monitoring
no monitoring required
liver function monitoring
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) antidote
no antidote
Aspirin class
antiplatelet
Aspirin goal
prevent initial clot formation
Aspirin action
blocks thromboxane resulting in slippery platelet that wont aggregate
once platelet is bound to ASA is is irreversiblely bound
know this
SE of Aspirin
- tinnitus
- GI side effects common
Clopidogrel (Plavix) class
anti platelet
Clopidogrel (Plavix) goal
prevent initial clot formation
Clopidogrel (Plavix) binding is
irreversible
Clopidogrel (Plavix) action
Blocks the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor on the platelet membrane,
preventing the platelet from “connecting” with other platelets.
Alteplase (Activase) class
thrombolytic or fibrinolytic
Alteplase (Activase) goal
eliminate formed clots
Alteplase (Activase) action
Binds to fibrin in the thrombus, converting entrapped plasminogen to plasmin,
initiating local fibrinolysis
Alteplase (Activase) uses
- Stroke
- Mi
- suspected occlusion
risk with Alteplase (Activase)
severe risk for bleeding (hemorrhage)