E2 infection drugs Flashcards
penicillin use
1st choice for infection
cephalexin (keflex) use
surgery proflaxis
vanocmycin use
serious infections
- c. diff
- MRSA
genaminicin use
serious gram negative
cipro
drug choice for anthrax
-(other small infections of uti, gi, bones, jts, skin, soft tissue)
tetracycline use
for weird infections
- rickettsial
- chlamydia
- brucellosis
- lyme
- h. pylori
- acne
erythromycin use
alternate for penicillin
- for minor ear and throat
- ENT
Bactrim use
UTI’s
intraconazole use
drug of choice for the mycosis’s
drug eiwth most commmon drug allergy
penicillin
what do you have to watch with penicillin?
renal excretion
watch kidney function
bactericidal drugs
- penicillin
- cephalexin
- vancomycin
- gentamicin
- cipro
bacteriostatic drugs
- tetracycline
- erythromycin
- sulfamethoxazole
which two antibiotics are closely related
penicillin and cephalexin (keflex)
side effect of cephalexin
- minor GI disturbances and diarrhea
- hypersinsitivity or allergic reactions
hypersensitivity/allergic reaction with cephalexin
- delayed skin reactions
- immediate anaphylactic reactions
does not have beta lactam ring
vancomycin
renal toxicity and ototoxicity are major side effects
vancomycin
Red man syndrome
(vanco)
- flushing-
- tachy
- hypot
admin vanco for how long to avoid red man syndome
over 60 mins
monitor what with vanco
infusion site due to thrombophelebitis
gentamicin class
aminoglycoside class
gentamicin major adverse effects
- nephrotoxicity
- ototoxicity
- neuromuscular blockade (other NM agents)
with which drug is peak and trough important and why
gentamicin because adverse effects are associated with high trough
ciprofloxacin class
fluoroquinolone class
how does cipro inhibit
inhibit enzyme essential to function of bacterial DNA (gyrase and topoisomerase)
adverse effects of cipro
- gi
- rash
- photo
- jt pain
- confusion (old pts)
cipro is contraindicated in what
pregnancy and children less than 18 years
cipro black box warning
tendon rupture
how does tetra inhibit
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
do not what with tetra
dairy or antacid products
affects birth control and digoxin
tetra
side effects of tetra
- rash
- photo
- gi
do not give tetra to
- pregnant women
- less than 8yoa due to yellowing of teath
do not give tetra to people with what medical condition
renal impairment
bactrim class
sulfonamides
how does bactrim inhibit
inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis
bactrim is not for pts with what
- folate deficiency
- sulfa allergy
- pregnant or nursing
- renal/liver dysfunction
adverse effects of bactrim
- rach
- allergy
- blood disorders
- renal tubule damage
intraconazole class
azole antifungal
how does intraconazole inhibit
inhibits synthesis of ergosterol
what is the alternate to amphotericin
intraconazole
what risk is with intraconazole
cardio suppression
liver damage
promethazine class
phenothiazine antiemetic
how does promethazine work
inhibits action of histamine and dopamine limiting emetic response
what are the CNS side effects with promethazine when combined with booze
- sedation
- confusion
- dizziness
- RD
why do you have to watch iv site with promethazine
vascular damage/necrosis in extravasation
ondansetron (zofran) class
serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetic
which drug was first approved for chemo induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)
ondansetron (zofran)
what is ondansetron used for besides CINV
nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy and anesthesia
pregnancy category for ondansetron
b
adverse effects of ondansetron
- headache
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- prolonged QT
- cardiac dys
dronabinol (marinol) class
cannabinoid antiemetic
what is dronabinol (marinol) used for
CINV
improves appetite drug
dronabinol (marinol)
erythromycin class
macrolide class
how does erythromycin inhibit
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
erythromycin is often used for
pts with penicillin allergy
-minor ear and throat infections
erythromycin is considered a
very safe antibiotic
has a small risk of sudden cardiac death from QT prolongation
erythromycin
SE of erythromycin
- heartburn
- rash
- gi
oseltamivir (tamiflu) class
anti-viral
how does oseltamivir inhibit
inhibits neuraminidase in viral enzyme required for viral replication
when does oseltamivir need to be used
within 48 hours of symptom onset
what does oseltamivir do
reduced duration of flu
does not cure
oseltamivir can be used how
prophylactically for those exposed to flu
acyclovir (zovirax) class
antiviral
how does acyclovir inhibit
slows viral reproduction by stopping viral DNA production
acyclovir is drug of choice for what
infections caused by herpes and varcillea-zoster
how is acyclovir eliminated and why is that important
by kidneys-issue with pts with renal impairment
major adverse effects of acyclovir
-nephrotoxicity (leads to kidney damage and failure)
amphotericin b class
polyene antifungal
how does amphotericin inhibit
binds to ergosterol in cell membrane allowing cell contents to leak out
when to use amphotericin b
serious systemic fungal infections
causes “shake and bake” SE
amphotericin b
- fever
- chills
- rigors
- Nausea
- headache
how to avoid shake and bake SE with amphotericin b
pretreat with menadryl and tylenol
amphotericin b causes what in most pts
renal injury
proper admin of amphotericin
infuse 1 L N. saline prior to admin of amphotericin b
