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PHARM > E2 infection drugs > Flashcards

E2 infection drugs Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin use

A

1st choice for infection

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2
Q

cephalexin (keflex) use

A

surgery proflaxis

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3
Q

vanocmycin use

A

serious infections

  • c. diff
  • MRSA
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4
Q

genaminicin use

A

serious gram negative

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5
Q

cipro

A

drug choice for anthrax

-(other small infections of uti, gi, bones, jts, skin, soft tissue)

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6
Q

tetracycline use

A

for weird infections

  • rickettsial
  • chlamydia
  • brucellosis
  • lyme
  • h. pylori
  • acne
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7
Q

erythromycin use

A

alternate for penicillin

  • for minor ear and throat
  • ENT
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8
Q

Bactrim use

A

UTI’s

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9
Q

intraconazole use

A

drug of choice for the mycosis’s

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10
Q

drug eiwth most commmon drug allergy

A

penicillin

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11
Q

what do you have to watch with penicillin?

A

renal excretion

watch kidney function

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12
Q

bactericidal drugs

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalexin
  • vancomycin
  • gentamicin
  • cipro
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13
Q

bacteriostatic drugs

A
  • tetracycline
  • erythromycin
  • sulfamethoxazole
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14
Q

which two antibiotics are closely related

A

penicillin and cephalexin (keflex)

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15
Q

side effect of cephalexin

A
  • minor GI disturbances and diarrhea

- hypersinsitivity or allergic reactions

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16
Q

hypersensitivity/allergic reaction with cephalexin

A
  • delayed skin reactions

- immediate anaphylactic reactions

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17
Q

does not have beta lactam ring

A

vancomycin

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18
Q

renal toxicity and ototoxicity are major side effects

A

vancomycin

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19
Q

Red man syndrome

A

(vanco)

  • flushing-
  • tachy
  • hypot
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20
Q

admin vanco for how long to avoid red man syndome

A

over 60 mins

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21
Q

monitor what with vanco

A

infusion site due to thrombophelebitis

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22
Q

gentamicin class

A

aminoglycoside class

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23
Q

gentamicin major adverse effects

A
  • nephrotoxicity
  • ototoxicity
  • neuromuscular blockade (other NM agents)
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24
Q

with which drug is peak and trough important and why

A

gentamicin because adverse effects are associated with high trough

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25
Q

ciprofloxacin class

A

fluoroquinolone class

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26
Q

how does cipro inhibit

A

inhibit enzyme essential to function of bacterial DNA (gyrase and topoisomerase)

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27
Q

adverse effects of cipro

A
  • gi
  • rash
  • photo
  • jt pain
  • confusion (old pts)
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28
Q

cipro is contraindicated in what

A

pregnancy and children less than 18 years

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29
Q

cipro black box warning

A

tendon rupture

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30
Q

how does tetra inhibit

A

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

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31
Q

do not what with tetra

A

dairy or antacid products

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32
Q

affects birth control and digoxin

A

tetra

33
Q

side effects of tetra

A
  • rash
  • photo
  • gi
34
Q

do not give tetra to

A
  • pregnant women

- less than 8yoa due to yellowing of teath

35
Q

do not give tetra to people with what medical condition

A

renal impairment

36
Q

bactrim class

A

sulfonamides

37
Q

how does bactrim inhibit

A

inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis

38
Q

bactrim is not for pts with what

A
  • folate deficiency
  • sulfa allergy
  • pregnant or nursing
  • renal/liver dysfunction
39
Q

adverse effects of bactrim

A
  • rach
  • allergy
  • blood disorders
  • renal tubule damage
40
Q

intraconazole class

A

azole antifungal

41
Q

how does intraconazole inhibit

A

inhibits synthesis of ergosterol

42
Q

what is the alternate to amphotericin

A

intraconazole

43
Q

what risk is with intraconazole

A

cardio suppression

liver damage

44
Q

promethazine class

A

phenothiazine antiemetic

45
Q

how does promethazine work

A

inhibits action of histamine and dopamine limiting emetic response

46
Q

what are the CNS side effects with promethazine when combined with booze

A
  • sedation
  • confusion
  • dizziness
  • RD
47
Q

why do you have to watch iv site with promethazine

A

vascular damage/necrosis in extravasation

48
Q

ondansetron (zofran) class

A

serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetic

49
Q

which drug was first approved for chemo induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

A

ondansetron (zofran)

50
Q

what is ondansetron used for besides CINV

A

nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy and anesthesia

51
Q

pregnancy category for ondansetron

A

b

52
Q

adverse effects of ondansetron

A
  • headache
  • diarrhea
  • dizziness
  • prolonged QT
  • cardiac dys
53
Q

dronabinol (marinol) class

A

cannabinoid antiemetic

54
Q

what is dronabinol (marinol) used for

A

CINV

55
Q

improves appetite drug

A

dronabinol (marinol)

56
Q

erythromycin class

A

macrolide class

57
Q

how does erythromycin inhibit

A

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

58
Q

erythromycin is often used for

A

pts with penicillin allergy

-minor ear and throat infections

59
Q

erythromycin is considered a

A

very safe antibiotic

60
Q

has a small risk of sudden cardiac death from QT prolongation

A

erythromycin

61
Q

SE of erythromycin

A
  • heartburn
  • rash
  • gi
62
Q

oseltamivir (tamiflu) class

A

anti-viral

63
Q

how does oseltamivir inhibit

A

inhibits neuraminidase in viral enzyme required for viral replication

64
Q

when does oseltamivir need to be used

A

within 48 hours of symptom onset

65
Q

what does oseltamivir do

A

reduced duration of flu

does not cure

66
Q

oseltamivir can be used how

A

prophylactically for those exposed to flu

67
Q

acyclovir (zovirax) class

A

antiviral

68
Q

how does acyclovir inhibit

A

slows viral reproduction by stopping viral DNA production

69
Q

acyclovir is drug of choice for what

A

infections caused by herpes and varcillea-zoster

70
Q

how is acyclovir eliminated and why is that important

A

by kidneys-issue with pts with renal impairment

71
Q

major adverse effects of acyclovir

A

-nephrotoxicity (leads to kidney damage and failure)

72
Q

amphotericin b class

A

polyene antifungal

73
Q

how does amphotericin inhibit

A

binds to ergosterol in cell membrane allowing cell contents to leak out

74
Q

when to use amphotericin b

A

serious systemic fungal infections

75
Q

causes “shake and bake” SE

A

amphotericin b

  • fever
  • chills
  • rigors
  • Nausea
  • headache
76
Q

how to avoid shake and bake SE with amphotericin b

A

pretreat with menadryl and tylenol

77
Q

amphotericin b causes what in most pts

A

renal injury

78
Q

proper admin of amphotericin

A

infuse 1 L N. saline prior to admin of amphotericin b

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