Fighting Diseases - Drugs

Question 1

Some drugs are_______ whilst others _______ the problem

Answer 1

Relieve symptoms

Cure

Question 2

Are drugs like painkillers for example a relieve symptom or cure the the disease?

Answer 2

Relieve symptom, they don’t tackle the disease they just reduce the symptoms

Question 3

Do “cold remedies” cure the disease?

Answer 3

No, they only reduce the symptoms. They don’t actually cure the cold

Question 4

Do antibodies like penicillin kill the the bacteria or relief the pain?

Answer 4

They actually kill (or prevent the growth) of the bacteria

Question 5

How do antibodies work when they kill the disease?

Answer 5

The kill or stop the growth of the bacteria without killing your own body cells. Different antibodies kill different types of bacteria so it’s important to be treated with the right one

Question 6

How do antibodies work with viruses such as the flu or cold viruses?

Answer 6

They do not destroy them. This is because they reproduce rapidly using your own body cells, therefore it makes it very difficult to develop drugs that destroy the viruses without killing your body cells

Question 7

Bacteria can become resistant to

Answer 7

Antibodies

Question 8

Bacteria can

Answer 8

Mutate - sometimes the mutations cause them to be resistant to ( not killed by) an antibiotic

Question 9

If you have an infection, some of the bacteria may be_______ to _________

Answer 9

Resistant to antibiotics

Question 10

When a bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics, when treated….

Answer 10

Only the non-resistant strains of bacteria will be killed

Question 11

What will happen to individual bacteria which is resistant to the antibiotics once the infection is treated?

Answer 11

It will survive and reproduce, this means the population of the resistant strain will increase

(THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION)

Question 12

What is an affect of the resistant strain

Answer 12

It can cause serious infection that can’t be treated by antibiotics.

E.g MRSA causes serious wound infections and is resistant to the powerful antibiotic methicillin

Question 13

How do you slow down the rate of development of resistant strains?

Answer 13

Doctors will avoid over-prescribing antibiotics. This means you will only get them for more serious matters and not just for a sore throat for example.

Question 14

How can antibiotics be investigated

Answer 14

By growing microorganisms in the lab

Question 15

How can you test the action of antibiotics and disinfectants

Answer 15

By growing cultures of microorganisms

Question 16

How are microorganisms (cultured) grown?

Answer 16

In a “culture medium”. This is usually agar jelly containing the carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and vitamins they need to grown

Question 17

What round dish is the hot agar poured into

Answer 17

A Petri dish

Question 18

When the jelly is cooled, what is used to transfer microorganisms and to where

Answer 18

Inoculating loops (wire loops) to the culture medium. This means the microorganism will the multiply in the culture medium.

Question 19

What are paper disks soaked in and where are they placed

Answer 19

In different types of antibodies and placed on the jelly. Antibiotic resistant bacteria will continue to grow around them but no strains will die

Question 20

What must be sterilised before use

Answer 20

Petri dish, culture medium and inoculating loops. For example the inoculating loops are passed through a flame. If equipment isn’t sterilised it will cause unwanted microorganisms in the culture medium to grow and affect the result

Question 21

What must the Petri dish have to stop microorganisms contaminating the culture

Answer 21

A lid, it will stop microorganisms in the air contaminating the culture. The lid should be taped on.

Question 22

What temperature are microorganisms kept in at school and why

Answer 22

25 degrees because harmful pathogens aren’t likely to grow at this temperature

Question 23

In industrial conditions why are cultures incubated a high temperatures

Answer 23

So pathogens can grow a lot faster