Fighting Disease - Drugs

Question 1

What are the 2 things drugs do?

Answer 1

Relieve symptoms or cure the problem

Question 2

What to painkillers do?

Answer 2

Relieve pain

Question 3

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 3

they kill (or prevent the growth of) the bacteria causing the problem without killing your own body cells. Different antibiotics kill different types of bacteria, so it’s important to be treated with the right one

Question 4

What don’t antibiotics destroy?Why?

Answer 4

Viruses because they reproduce using your own body cells which makes it very difficult to develop drugs that destroy just the virus without killing the body’s cells.

Question 5

Bacteria can [ ] - sometimes the [ ] cause them to be [ ] to an antibiotic

Answer 5

mutate
mutations
resistant

Question 6

If you have an infection, some of the bacteria might be resistant to antibiotics. Therefore when you treat the infection …

Answer 6

only the non-resistant strains of bacteria will be killed. The individual resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce, and the population of the resistant strain will increase. (This is an example of natural selection)

Question 7

What can a resistant strain of bacteria do? Give an example

Answer 7

Could cause serious infection that CAN’T be treated by antibiotics. Eg. MRSA causes serious wound infection and is resistant to the powerful antibiotic methicillin.

Question 8

Why do doctors avoid over-prescribing antibiotics?

Answer 8

To slow down the rate of development of resistant strains.

Question 9

How can you test the action of antibiotics or disinfectants?

Answer 9

Growing cultures of microorganisms

Question 10

How are microorganisms grown?

Answer 10

They are cultured in a ‘culture medium’ (agar jelly) containing the carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and vitamins they need to grow

Question 11

[ ] agar jelly is poured into a shallow round plastic dished called [ ].

Answer 11

Hot

Petri dishes

Question 12

Once the agar jelly has set, how do you transfer the microorganisms onto the petri dish? What happens next?

Answer 12

Use inoculating loops to transfer the microorganisms onto the culture medium. The microorganisms then multiply.

Question 13

Once you have grown your microorganisms, how do you test your antibiotics? Describe possible results.

Answer 13

Paper discs are soaked in different types of antibiotics and placed on the culture medium.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria will continue to grow around them but non-resistant strains will die.

Question 14

Equipment is sterilised in order to…

Answer 14

Prevent contamination

Question 15

What will happen if your equipment isn’t sterilised?

Answer 15

Unwanted microorganisms in the culture medium will grow and affect the result.

Question 16

What needs to be sterilised before use?

Answer 16

Petri dished, culture medium and inoculating loops

Question 17

How are inoculating loops sterilised?

Answer 17

Pass them through a flame

Question 18

Petri dishes must have [ ] to stop any microorganisms in the air [ ] the culture. The lid should be [ ] on.

Answer 18

Lid
contaminating
Taped

Question 19

Why are cultures of microorganisms kept at about 25°C in schools?

Answer 19

Harmful pathogens aren’t likely to grow a this temperature

Question 20

Why are cultures incubated at higher temperatures in industrial conditions?

Answer 20

Allows them to grow much faster