Ferns and allies Flashcards
what two groups are in this?
lycophytes and ferns
gameto and sporophyte lives independently
characteristics of the fern allies
most primitive vascular plant lycophytes have megaphillus leaves spores shoot out when conditions are bad some used to have 2nd growth came about in the carboniferous phase
lycophyte characteristics
contains the club moss, spike moss, ground cedars
sporangia white and bean-shaped
sporangia on sporophylls leaves that shape into strobili
gametophytes live in the soil (some symbiotic)
once huge trees with 2ndary growth
LC of lycopodium
“cone” strobilus contains both f and m (homosporous)
through meiosis produces a tetrad of spores
gametophyte in soil (non-photosynthetic) symbiotic with fungi
once fertilized, sporophyte grows out of gametophyte
LC of selaginella
it is heterosporous
the strobilus produces egg and sperm, then form megaspore-> produces the gametophyte in the soil (little photosynthetic)
LC of whisk Ferns
called psilodum (like a little stick outta the ground)
- > sporangia are like 3 fused together
- > subterrainium gametophyte, lives with fungi
fern patterns
the leaf patterns are called fronds
tree ferns held up by their bark
lack 2ndary growth
sporangia found on the underside of leaves (brightly coloured)
Ferns sporangia
eusporangiate } big and many spores
leptosporangiate } small, thin and few
LC of fern Pteridium
- > heterosporous
- > sporophyte produces spores
- > leads to heart shaped gametophyte
- > spores are released by the air
Horsetail characteristics
no 2ndary growth (though once was)
small and herbacious
free-living gametophyte
large hollow cavity
horsetail leaf arrangement
arranged in whorls
ie leaves in a circular pattern around the stem
LC of equisetum
2 types of sporophytes
- > vegetative (where great conditions
- > strobilus (in shorter days, forms the spores
- —> releases spores into the wind to make gametophyte
- —> antheridium fertilizes egg
