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Biochemistry > Fatty Acids > Flashcards

Fatty Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Define fatty acids

A

Monocarboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chain

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2
Q

What are the two types of structural classification of FA

A
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3
Q

Explain the classification according to the length

A
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4
Q

Explain classification according to the structure

A
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5
Q

Give examples of saturated fatty acids

A

Palmitic acid (16c)
Stearic acid (18c)

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6
Q

What are the types of unsaturated FA

A

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated

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7
Q

Give example of monounsaturated FA

A

Palmit oleic acid (palmit oleate) 16:1 omega 7
Oleic acid (oleate) 18:1 omega 9

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8
Q

Give example of polyunsaturated FA

A

Linoleic acid (Linoleate) 18:2 omega 6
Linolenic acid (linolineate) 18:3 omega 3
Arachidonic acid (arachidonate) 20:4 omega 6

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9
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are present in nature in what two forms

A
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10
Q

What is the classification according to biological importance

A
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11
Q

Explain essential FA

A

Must be supplied in diet because cannot be formed in human body and lack of needed enzymes

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12
Q

Example of essential FA

A

polyunsaturated

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13
Q

Explain non essential FA

A

Shouldn’t be supplied in diet because can be formed in your body

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14
Q

Example of non essential FA

A

Saturated and monounsaturated

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15
Q

List the functions of all essential and non essential fatty acids

A
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16
Q

What are specific functions of essential FA

A

Form lipoproteins
Integrity of cell membrane
Decrease the cholesterol level by increasing excretion
Protect the liver by washing out the fat
Form important molecule - eicosanoid

17
Q

What is the source of eicosanoids

A

Arachidonic FA

18
Q

What is eicosanoid

A

Hormone like molecule

19
Q

Eicosanoids include what

A

Prostanoids
Leukotrienes

20
Q

Prostanoids include what

A

Prostaglandins (PGs)
Prostacyclins (PC) (PGI)
Thromboxanes (TXs)

21
Q

What is the function/importance of eicosanoid

A

Inflammatory mediator
Allergic reaction (leukotrienes)
Platelet aggregation - blood clot
Smooth muscle contraction (lungs, GIT, uterus)
HCL secretion in the stomach

22
Q

What is the cause of deficiency of the essential fatty acids

A
23
Q

What are the short term effects of deficiency of EFA

A

Dry skin
Dermatitis
Loss of hair
Poor wound healing

24
Q

What are the long term effects of deficiency of EFA

A

Fatty liver
Atherosclerosis
Organ failure

25
Q

What are the physical properties of FA

A
26
Q

What are the biochemical properties of unsaturated fatty acids

A

Reduction
Hydration
Oxidation

27
Q

What are the biochemical properties of both saturated and unsaturated FA

A

Ester formation
Soap formation

28
Q

What is the reduction reaction

A
29
Q

What is the oxidation reaction

A
30
Q

What is hydration reaction

A
31
Q

What is ester formation reaction

A
32
Q

What is soap formation reaction

A

Biochemistry (20 decks)

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