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Biochemistry > Derivatives Of Monosaccharides > Flashcards

Derivatives Of Monosaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of monosaccharides derivatives ?

A

Amino sugars
N -acetylated sugars
Deoxy sugar
Sugar acids
Sugar alcohols
Formation of esters

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2
Q

What are amino sugars?

A

Sugars containing an amino group that replaced an OH group

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3
Q

Give examples of amino sugars

A

Glucosamine
Galactosamine
Mannosamine

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4
Q

What is the importance of glucosamine?

A

Found in chitin, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans

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5
Q

What is the importance of galactosamine?

A

Present in chondroitin sulfates in cartilage, bones, and tendons

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6
Q

What is the importance of mannosamine?

A

A component of glycoproteins

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7
Q

What is N-acetylated sugars?

A

An acetyl group added to an amino sugar

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8
Q

Give examples of N-Acetylated sugars

A

N-acetyl-glucosamine
N-acetyl-galactosamine

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9
Q

What is the importance of N-acetyl-glucosamine And N-acetyl-galactosamine

A

They are vital in glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, cell membrane antigens and found in blood groups

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10
Q

What are deoxy sugar?

A

Formed by the removal of an oxygen atom usually from the Carbon 2

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11
Q

Give examples of deoxy sugars

A

2-Deoxy-D-Ribose
6-Deoxy-L-Galactose
L-fucose

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12
Q

What is the importance of 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose ?

A

A component of DNA

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13
Q

What is the importance of 6-Deoxy-L-Galactose ?

A

Found in glycoproteins and bacterial polysaccharides

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14
Q

What is the importance of L-fucose

A

Found in blood group antigens and many glycoproteins

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15
Q

What are the types of sugar acids

A

Aldonic acids
Uronic acids
Saccharic acids

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16
Q

What is aldonic acid?

A

Produced by oxidation of the aldehyde group of an aldose into a carboxyl group

17
Q

Give example of aldonic acids

A

Gluconic acid
Galactonic acid

18
Q

What are uronic acids

A

Sugar acids produced by the oxidation of the terminal primary alcoholic group on sugars

19
Q

Give example of uronic acids

A

Glucuronic acid
Galacturonic acid

20
Q

What are saccharic acids?

A

Both the aldehyde and the terminal primary alcohol groups are oxidized

21
Q

Give example of saccharic acid

A

Glucaric acid

22
Q

What is the importance of glucuronic acid

A

Plays a role in detoxification by conjugating with bilirubin and certain drugs to make them water-soluble

23
Q

What are sugar alcohols

A

Formed by reducing the aldehyde or ketone groups of monosaccharides

24
Q

Example of sugar alcohols

A

Sorbitol
Mannitol
Ribitol

25
Q

What is clinical importance of sorbitol

A

Increased in diabetes mellitus and is related to the increased incidence of cataract

26
Q

What is the clinical importance of mannitol

A

Has a diuretic effect and can be used to decrease intra-cranial tension

27
Q

What is the importance of formation of esters

A

Only formed with phosphate sugar
Sulfate groups can be added

Biochemistry (20 decks)

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