Derivatives Of Monosaccharides

Question 1

What are the types of monosaccharides derivatives ?

Answer 1

Amino sugars
N -acetylated sugars
Deoxy sugar
Sugar acids
Sugar alcohols
Formation of esters

Question 2

What are amino sugars?

Answer 2

Sugars containing an amino group that replaced an OH group

Question 3

Give examples of amino sugars

Answer 3

Glucosamine
Galactosamine
Mannosamine

Question 4

What is the importance of glucosamine?

Answer 4

Found in chitin, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans

Question 5

What is the importance of galactosamine?

Answer 5

Present in chondroitin sulfates in cartilage, bones, and tendons

Question 6

What is the importance of mannosamine?

Answer 6

A component of glycoproteins

Question 7

What is N-acetylated sugars?

Answer 7

An acetyl group added to an amino sugar

Question 8

Give examples of N-Acetylated sugars

Answer 8

N-acetyl-glucosamine
N-acetyl-galactosamine

Question 9

What is the importance of N-acetyl-glucosamine And N-acetyl-galactosamine

Answer 9

They are vital in glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, cell membrane antigens and found in blood groups

Question 10

What are deoxy sugar?

Answer 10

Formed by the removal of an oxygen atom usually from the Carbon 2

Question 11

Give examples of deoxy sugars

Answer 11

2-Deoxy-D-Ribose
6-Deoxy-L-Galactose
L-fucose

Question 12

What is the importance of 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose ?

Answer 12

A component of DNA

Question 13

What is the importance of 6-Deoxy-L-Galactose ?

Answer 13

Found in glycoproteins and bacterial polysaccharides

Question 14

What is the importance of L-fucose

Answer 14

Found in blood group antigens and many glycoproteins

Question 15

What are the types of sugar acids

Answer 15

Aldonic acids
Uronic acids
Saccharic acids

Question 16

What is aldonic acid?

Answer 16

Produced by oxidation of the aldehyde group of an aldose into a carboxyl group

Question 17

Give example of aldonic acids

Answer 17

Gluconic acid
Galactonic acid

Question 18

What are uronic acids

Answer 18

Sugar acids produced by the oxidation of the terminal primary alcoholic group on sugars

Question 19

Give example of uronic acids

Answer 19

Glucuronic acid
Galacturonic acid

Question 20

What are saccharic acids?

Answer 20

Both the aldehyde and the terminal primary alcohol groups are oxidized

Question 21

Give example of saccharic acid

Answer 21

Glucaric acid

Question 22

What is the importance of glucuronic acid

Answer 22

Plays a role in detoxification by conjugating with bilirubin and certain drugs to make them water-soluble

Question 23

What are sugar alcohols

Answer 23

Formed by reducing the aldehyde or ketone groups of monosaccharides

Question 24

Example of sugar alcohols

Answer 24

Sorbitol
Mannitol
Ribitol

Question 25

What is clinical importance of sorbitol

Answer 25

Increased in diabetes mellitus and is related to the increased incidence of cataract

Question 26

What is the clinical importance of mannitol

Answer 26

Has a diuretic effect and can be used to decrease intra-cranial tension

Question 27

What is formation of esters

Answer 27

The hydroxyl group of sugars can be esterified to form various esters

Question 28

Give example of esters

Answer 28

Acetates, propionates, benzoate, and phosphates

Question 29

Which sugars are particularly important in biological processes and metabolidm

Answer 29

Sugar phosphates

Question 30

What is glucose phosphorylation

Answer 30

Question 31

Sulfate groups are often found on what?

Answer 31

On sugars for example chondroitin sulfate and other glycosaminoglycans