Fat + Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
Fat Metabolism
Breakdown of food: Triglycerides (breakdown from bile or lipase) into Fatty acids
- absorbed by the SI, made into Chylomicron; labeled protein made by the liver/SI
Chylomicron
(ky-lo-micron)
a lipoprotein; a transport protein that transports triglyceride in the lymphatic system
Lipoproteins Made by the Liver:
- VLDL’s (very low density lipoprotein)
- goes into the blood by distributing triglycerides and phospholipids to the cells of the body - LDL (low density lipoproteins) aka “bad cholesterol”
- primarily composed of cholesterol
- if LDL levels go up it increases the risk of atherosclerosis; clogs arteries
- less than 160mg/dl - HDL (high density lipoprotein) aka “good”
- takes cholesterol from tissue and brings it to the liver, removes excessive cholesterol
- over 60 mg/dl
Cholesterol Levels
total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl
How to Lower Cholesterol Levels?
- eat less cholesterol
- exercise
- eat more veggies and fruit
- statins - cholesterol lowering drugs
Feasting:
- pathway
- excess carbs > glucose > ATP usage or glycogenesis > too much = lipogenesis
- excess protein > amino acids > protein synthesis > too much = deamination (N > urea > urine) carbon skeleton > ATP or Gluconeogenesis
- excess fat > triglyceride > BD using bile/lipase > FA > ATP > lipogenesis
Fasting:
- pathway
:Calorie Deficit glucose is essential during this we will have an increased amount of Glucagon, which stimulates
- Glycogenolysis: liver glycogen > glucose
- Gluconeogenesis: protein + glycerol = glucose
lack of protein; muscle
- deaminate > urea > urine
fat reserves:
- triglycerides > free FA in the blood > ATP to fuel the muscles
Alcohol Metabolism
Alcohol gets detoxed in the Liver
- 2 carbon fragments (c-c) gets converted into ATP if needed
Excess Alcohol: gets converted into fat via lipogenesis
