Families exam 4 - psychosocial and integumentary Flashcards
How should new situations be introduced to a patient with autism?
slowly
What should you monitor for in a patient with autism?
behavioral changes
How should you communicate with a patient with autism?
- age-appropriate
- brief
- concrete
What should be promoted/encouraged for a patient with autism?
- positive reinforcement
- increasing social awareness
- verbal communication
- setting realistic goals
- opportunities for small successes
- setting clear rules
What are expected findings of ADHD?
- inattention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
What type of approach should be used for a patient with ADHD?
- calm
- firm
- respectful
What should be modeled for a patient with ADHD?
acceptable behavior
What should you have before giving a child with ADHD directions?
their attention
What kind of explanations should be given to a patient with ADHD?
short and clear
What should you set/provide for a patient with ADHD?
- set clear limits
- provide consistency
- provide positive feedback and rewards for good behavior
- provide a safe environment
- assist with developing coping mechanisms
How should the environment be modified for a patient with ADHD?
- structured
- decrease stimuli
- use organizational charts
- have a consistent study area
- use steps when assigning chores
- use pastel colors
What medications are used for ADHD?
- methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine (psychostimulants)
- atomoxetine (SNRI)
What are parental characteristics of child abuse?
- young parents
- single parents with a partner unrelated to the child
- low income
- low self-esteem
- lack of knowledge
- substance use disorder
- history of abuse
What are child characteristics of child abuse?
- < 1 year old
- unwanted
- hyperactive
- physical/mental disabilities
- premature infant
What can injuries in various stages of healing mean?
child abuse
What are behavioral characteristics of a child experiencing child abuse?
- fear of parents
- lack of emotional response/reaction
- withdrawn
- aggression
What is the most important thing to assess with a child who has depression?
actual/potential risk to self
- suicide plan
- lethality of the plan
- means to carry out the plan
Where can candidiasis be found?
moist areas
- mouth
- belly
- skin
- vagina
What is used to treat candidiasis?
topical antifungal ointment (miconazole/fluconazole, nystatin)
What color is crust that forms with impetigo?
honey-colored
Where does impetigo usually happen?
on the face around the mouth and nose
What medication is used for less severe cases of impetigo? How long must you use this before you are no longer contagious?
- topical bactericidal or triple antibiotic ointment
- not contagious are 48 hours
What medication is used for more severe cases of impetigo? How long must you use this before you are no longer contagious?
- oral antibiotics
- not contagious after 24 hours
What should be done before applying ointment to impetigo?
remove crusts with warm water and antibacterial soap
Can you share items (towels, hate, combs, brushes, towels) with impetigo?
NO
What is the ost important thing for the nurse and family to do for impetigo?
hand hygiene!!!
What type of shampoo is used for lice?
1% permethrin shampoo
What should not be shared if a child has lice?
- combs/brushes
- hair ties/clips
- hats
How should nits be removed?
with a fine-tooth nit comb
How long should items that cannot be washed be bagged up if a child has lice?
14 days
How should items be washed if a patient has lice?
in hot water with detergent and in a hot dryer for 20 mins
How should items be washed is a patient has impetigo?
on hot with bleach
What does a diaper rash look like?
- bright red
- scaly
- pimples, blisters, ulcers, large bumps, pus-filled sores
What should be used to clean the perineal area with a diaper rash? How should it dry?
non irritating cleanser, let air dry
What type of diapers should be used for diaper rash?
superabsorbent disposable diapers
What skin barriers can be used for diaper rash?
- zinc oxide
- petroleum ointement
- aluminum acetate solution